EMBRAER - Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S.A. (Brazilian aerospace conglomerate): Brazilian aircraft flying around the world
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/jesb2018.2.j046Keywords:
Embraer, Technology, Innovation, Growth, Internationalization of the companyAbstract
In 2017, Embraer held 58 percent of the world's market share in commercial jets for the regional aviation market. In addition, according to projections, Embraer will have to produce and deliver a commercial jet every two days over a twenty-year period. According to the International Civil Aviation Organization, there are 1,548 aircraft manufacturing companies in the world. However, only a few can be considered "assemblies" and only five of these carry out large-scale production: Airbus (Europe), Boeing (USA), Bombardier (Canada), Embraer (Brazil) and Tupolev (Russia). Embraer emerged in a 'developing country' with no tradition in the aerospace sector and became a strong competitor in the small and medium-sized global aircraft market. To understand Embraer's experience, a synthetic review was carried out of the main theories related to the internationalization process. Moreover, primary documents were used in this study, as well as extensive literature on the company's history and internationalization process. The starting point is the hypothesis that internationalization had a fundamental impact on the growth of the company. As a preliminary conclusion, it is possible to say that Embraer started out with the "world market" in mind. Likewise, it is possible to affirm that the decision to focus on executive, military, small and medium-sized aircraft aviation to boost regional markets proved to be assertive.
Downloads
References
Andrade, Roberto Pereira de. 2013. Construção Aeronáutica no Brasil. 100 anos de história. São José dos Campos: JAC Editora.
Botelho, Antonio José J. 1999. “Da utopia tecnológica aos desafios da política científica e tecnológica: o Instituto Tecnológico da Aeronáutica (1947-1967)” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 14 (39): 139-154.
Buckley, Peter, and Mark Casson. 1976. The future of the multinational enterprise. London: Macmillan.
Buckley, Peter, and Mark Casson. 1985. “General theories of the multinational enterprise: A critical examination.” In Multinationals Theory and history, edited by P. Hertner, and G. Jones. Aldershot & Brookfield, Vt.: Gower.
Cabral, Arnoldo Souza. 1987. “Análise do desempenho tecnológico da indústria aeronáutica brasileira.” PhD diss., ITA, São José dos Campos.
Casanova, Lourdes. 2016. “Latin American multinationals facing the ‘new reality’”. In Evolution of Family Business. Continuity and Change in Latin America and Spain, edited by Fernández Pérez, Paloma and Andrea Lluch, 23-36. Cheltenham, UK – Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Chesnais, François. 1996. A Mundialização do Capital. São Paulo: Xamã.
Chetty, Sylvie, and Desiree Blankenburg. 2000. “Internationalisation of Small to Medium-sized Manufacturing Firms: A Network Approach.” International Business Review 9 (1): 77-93.
Cyert, Richard M., and James March. 1963. A behavioral theory of the firm. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Davis, Peter S., and Paula D. Harveston. 2000. “Internationalization and Organizational Growth: The Impact of Internet Usage and Technology Involvement Among Entrepreneur- led Family Businesses.” Family Business Review 13 (2): 107-120.
Dalla Costa, Armando, and Elson Souza Santos. 2011. “Embraer diversifica projetos na área militar: o novo cargueiro C-390.” Economia & Tecnologia 24 (1):167-174.
Dunning, John. 1988. “The eclectic paradigm of international production: a restatement and some possible extensions.” Journal of International Business Studies 19 (1): 1-31.
Dunning, John. 2000. “The eclectic paradigm as an envelope for economic and business theories of MNE activity.” International Business Review 9 (2): 163-190.
Embraer. Annual Report 2006 to2017. https://ri.embraer.com.br/.
Embraer. 2006. Annual Report.
Erramilli, M. Krishna, Sanjeev Agarwal, and Chekitan S. Dev. 2002. “Choice between non- equity entry modes: An organizational capability perspective.” Journal of International Business Studies 33 (2): 223-242.
Greene, William H. 2008. Econometric Analysis, 6th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Godfrey, Paul, Craig B. Merrill, and Jared M. Hansen. 2009. “The relationship between corporate social responsibility and shareholder value: an empirical test of the risk management hypothesis. Strategic Management Journal 30 (4):425-445. doi 10.1002/smj.750.
Hessels, J. and Parker, S. C. 2013. “Constraints, internationalization and growth: A cross-country analysis of European SMEs.” Journal of World Business 48.
Hymer, S.H. 1970. “The efficiency (contradictions) of multinational corporations.” American Economic Review LX (2):441-8.
International Civil Aviation Organization – ICAO. 2017. Accessed September, 2017. https://www.icao.int/publications/DOC8643/Pages/Manufacturers.aspx
Johanson, Jan, and Jan-Erik Vahlne. 1977. “The internationalization process of the firm: A model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitment.” Journal of International Business Studies 8.
Johanson, Jan, and Jan-Erik Vahlne. 1990. “The mechanisms of internationalization.” International Marketing Review 7 (4).
Johanson, Jan, and F. Wiedersheim-Paul. 1975. “The internationalization of the firm: four Swedish cases.” The Journal of Management Studies 12 (3): 305-323.
Kyläheiko, K., Jantunen, A. Puumalainen, K. Saarenketo, S., and Tuppura, A. 2011. “Innovation and internationalization as growth strategies; the role of technological capabilities and appropriability.” International Business Review 20.
Madhok, A. 1997. “Cost, value and foreign market entry mode: The transaction and the firm.” Strategic Management Journal 18 (1): 39-61.
Madsen, T. K., and P. Servais. 1997. “The Internationalization of Born Globals: An Evolutionary Process?” International Business Review 6 (6).
Marinho, Pedro; Dalla Costa, Armando. 2013. “Embraer: a experiência de internacionalização de uma empresa brasileira.” Revista de Economia & Relações Internacionais 13 (1): 99-109.
Mattos, Bento. 2006. História da Embraer. São Paulo: Embraer.
Mattos, Bento, and Paulo Lourenção. 2006. História da Embraer. São Paulo: Embraer.
Morais, Fernando. 2006. Montenegro: as aventuras do marechal que fez uma revolução nos céus do Brasil. São Paulo: Editora Planeta.
Pensore Edith T. 1959. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. New York: Wiley.
Pitelis, C. 2002. “A theory of the (growth of the) transnational firm: a Penrosean perspective.” In The Growth of the Firm: The Legacy of Edith Penrose, edited by C. Pitelis, 127-145. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rodengen, Jeffrey L. 2009. The history of Embraer. N.P.: Write Stuff (Sic) Enterprises, Inc.
Salwan, P. 2011. “Growth & Internationalization: The Case of TATA Motors.” Indian Journal of Industrial Relations 47 (1).
Sapienza, H.J., Autio, E., George, G., and S.A. Zahra. 2006. “A capabilities perspective on the effects of early internationalization on firm survival and growth.” Academy of Management Review 31 (4): 914-933.
Schueffel, P., W. Amann, and E. Herbolzheimer. 2011. “Internationalization of new ventures: tests of growth and survival.” The Multinational business review 19 (4).
Silva, Ozires. 2005. A decolagem de um sonho: a história da criação da Embraer. São Paulo: Lemos Editorial.
Silva, Ozires. 2008. Nas asas da educação. A trajetória da Embraer. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier.
Silva, Ozires. 2009. A Economia Verde. São Paulo: Editora Gente.
Souza, Rafael Pereira Nunes de. 2012. “O mercado aeronáutico e a inserção brasileira: o caso Embraer.” Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso. Faculdade de Engenharia da Produção. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora.
Tavares, Maria da Conceição. 1974. Da substituição de importações ao capitalismo financeiro. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar.
Versino, A. 2014. História da Embraer. São José dos Campos: Embraer.
Vinagre, Mário B. M. 2015. Guido Pessotti. Mestre do design aeronáutico. São José dos Campos: Somos Editora.
follow us in Twitter 
Follow us in Facebook
