2024-03-28T14:42:31Z
http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/index/oai
oai:revistes.ub.edu:article/10099
2022-02-14T09:14:56Z
GEOACTA:ALAGO
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"141110 2014 eng "
1696-5728
dc
Components and processes affecting producibility and commerciality of shale resource systems
JARVIE, D.M.
TCU Energy Institute and Worldwide Geochemistry, PO Box 789, Humble, TX 77347
Unconventional shale resource systems have provided North America with abundant energy supplies and reserves for present and future decades. This energy resource was largely overlooked until the new millennium. Prior 2000 only a few small oil and gas companies were pursuing such plays led by independent, Mitchell Energy and Development Corporation of The Woodlands, TX. Mitchell’s successful commercial development of the Mississippian Barnett Shale of the Ft. Worth Basin, Texas spawned an energy renaissance in North America. In the last decade the development of unconventional shale resource systems has been phenomenal in the United States with abundant new supplies of natural gas and oil. These resource systems are all associated with petroleum source rocks, either within the source rock itself or in juxtaposed, non-source rock intervals. Three key characteristics of these rocks, apart from being associated with organic-rich intervals, are their low porosity (less than 15%), ultra-low permeability (<0.1mD), and brittle or non-ductile nature. These characteristics play a role in the storage, retention, and the requirement of high-energy stimulation to obtain petroleum fl ow. Organic richness and hydrogen content certainly play a role in petroleum generation, but they also play a role in retention and expulsion fractionation of generated petroleum. Often a substantial portion of the porosity evolves from the decomposition of organic carbon that creates organoporosity in addition to any matrix porosity. Open fracture-related porosity is seldom important. Hybrid systems, i.e., organic-lean intervals overlying, interbedded, or underlying the petroleum source rock, are the best producing shale resource systems, particularly for oil due to their limited adsorptive affi nities and the retention of polar constituents of petroleum in the source rock. Paradoxically, the best shale gas systems are those where the bulk of the retained oil in the source rock has been converted to gas by cracking. Such conversion cracks the retained polar constituents of petroleum as well as saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons to condensate-wet gas or dry gas at high thermal maturity. Such high level conversion also creates the maximum organoporosity, while enhancing pore pressure. Bitumen (petroleum)-free total organic carbon (TOC) is comprised of two components, a generative and a non-generative portion. The generative organic carbon (GOC) represents the portion of organic carbon that can be converted to petroleum, whereas the non-generative portion does not yield any commercial amounts of petroleum due to its low hydrogen content. Organoporosity is created by the decomposition of the generative organic carbon as recorded in volume percent. In the oil window, this organoporosity is fi lled with petroleum (bitumen, oil and gas) and is diffi cult to identify, whereas in the gas window any retained petroleum has been converted to gas and pyrobitumen making such organoporosity visible under high magnifi cation microscopy. Production decline analysis shows the variable production potential of many North American shale gas and oil systems and their high decline rates. The most productive North American shale gas systems are shown to be the Marcellus and Haynesville shales, whereas the best shale oil systems are the hybrid Bakken and Eagle Ford systems.
Universitat de Barcelona
2014-12-09 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/GEOACTA/article/view/GeologicaActa2014.12.4.3
Geologica Acta; Vol. 12 No. 4 (2014): ALAGO Special Publication: Selected Contributions from the XIII Congress
eng
Drets d'autor (c) 2014 D.M. JARVIE
oai:revistes.ub.edu:article/10100
2022-02-14T09:14:56Z
GEOACTA:ALAGO
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"141110 2014 eng "
1696-5728
dc
Organic and mineral matter changes due to oil generation, saturation and expulsion processes based on artificial maturation experiments
SOUZA, I.V.A.F.
PETROBRAS, CENPES, Av. Horácio Macedo 950, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
ARAÚJO, C.V.
PETROBRAS, CENPES, Av. Horácio Macedo 950, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
MENEZES, T.R.
PETROBRAS, CENPES, Av. Horácio Macedo 950, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
COUTINHO, L.F.C.
PETROBRAS, CENPES, Av. Horácio Macedo 950, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
BINNOTTO, R.
PETROBRAS, CENPES, Av. Horácio Macedo 950, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
SPIGOLON, A.L.D.
PETROBRAS, CENPES, Av. Horácio Macedo 950, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
FONTES, R.A.
PETROBRAS, CENPES, Av. Horácio Macedo 950, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
SANTOS NETO, E.V.
PETROBRAS, CENPES, Av. Horácio Macedo 950, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21941-915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
RONDON, N.D.V.F.
Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Athos da Silveira 274, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21.949-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
MENDOÇA FILHO, J.G.
Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Athos da Silveira 274, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21.949-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Hydrous pyrolysis experiments were conducted on immature organic-rich rock with type-I kerogen to evaluate petroleum generation, saturation and expulsion processes. The experiments were carried out under isothermal conditions at ten different temperatures (280° through 360°C) for nine different time spans between 18 and 144h. Rock samples recovered from the experiments were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC–weight%), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance (Ro%), spectral fluorescence and visual characterization of organic matter under the microscopy. TOC, S2 and HI tend to decrease with increasing temperature and duration of the experiments as expected. The Ro% values reach up to 1.14% in the most severe experiment (i.e. 360°C/96h). The Ro% is believed to be suppressed due to hydrogen incorporation from bitumen. The bitumen production was observed with the increase of transformation index (TI) and two types of bitumen were differentiated by fluorescence color. The bitumen with yellow fluorescence was mainly composed of saturate and aromatic hydrocarbons that were probably generated earlier than the bitumen with brown fluorescence which is rich in NSO compounds. The greatest bitumen saturation occurs at TI around of 41% to 45%, when the S1 reaches its highest values. The decrease of bitumen saturation and consequent oil expulsion is marked by a reduction in S1 values and fluorescence color. This phenomenon occurs simultaneously with the development of fractures and voids in the mineral matrix which reduces the oil retention capability and facilitates the expulsion process. These observations enhanced the understanding of oil generation and saturation processes, as well as primary migration, expulsion and type of generated bitumen.
Universitat de Barcelona
2014-12-09 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/GEOACTA/article/view/GeologicaActa2014.12.4.6
Geologica Acta; Vol. 12 No. 4 (2014): ALAGO Special Publication: Selected Contributions from the XIII Congress
eng
Drets d'autor (c) 2014 I.V.A.F. SOUZA, C.V. ARAÚJO, T.R. MENEZES, L.F.C. COUTINHO, R. BINNOTTO, A.L.D. SPIGOLON, R.A. FONTES, E.V. SANTOS NETO, N.D.V.F. RONDON, J.G. MENDOÇA FILHO
oai:revistes.ub.edu:article/10101
2022-02-14T09:14:56Z
GEOACTA:ALAGO
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"141014 2014 eng "
1696-5728
dc
Characterization of asphaltic oil occurrences from the southeastern margin of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Spain
MARÍN, P.
Department of Geochemistry, Petrology and Geological Prospecting, University of Barcelona. C/ Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain.
MÁRQUEZ, G.
Departmento de Ingeniería Minera, Mecánica y Energética, Universidad de Huelva. C/ La Rábida s/n, 21819-Huelva, Spain.
GALLEGO, J.R.
Departmento de Explotación y Prospección de Minas, Universidad de Oviedo. C/ Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós, 33600-Mieres, Spain.
PERMANYER, A.
Department de Geologia, Petrologia i Prosprecció Geològica, Universitat de Barcelona. C/ Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain.
A geochemical investigation has been undertaken on biodegraded hydrocarbons in outcropping reservoirs of the south-eastern margin of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin (Álava sector). The aims of the study were the characterization of the geochemical features and biodegradation level of these hydrocarbons, and the evaluation of their resemblance to oils from the Ayoluengo onshore oil field by means of isotopic analyses and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Most of the samples lack of n-alkanes, isoprenoids, low molecular weight aromatic compounds, steranes, homohopanes, diasteranes and triaromatic steroids whereas hexacyclic and heptacyclic alkanes appear as key compounds although some structures were not totally elucidated. Thermal maturity has been assessed with several parameters and thus a calculated-equivalent vitrinite reflectance value of around 0.8% was estimated. In addition, gammacerane content, diasterane-to-sterane ratio and C35 to C34 hopanes ratio suggested that the Álava oil shows were derived from a carbonate rock deposited in a reducing, water-stratified and possibly hypersaline environment. Isotopic signature and other data confirmed that these hydrocarbons are not genetically related to the oils from Ayoluengo and, consequently, their origin has to be associated with a yet unknown source rock in the basin.
Universitat de Barcelona
2014-12-09 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/GEOACTA/article/view/GeologicaActa2014.12.4.4
Geologica Acta; Vol. 12 No. 4 (2014): ALAGO Special Publication: Selected Contributions from the XIII Congress
eng
Drets d'autor (c) 2014 P. MARÍN, G. MÁRQUEZ, J.R. GALLEGO, A. PERMANYER
oai:revistes.ub.edu:article/10103
2022-02-14T09:14:56Z
GEOACTA:ALAGO
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"141110 2014 eng "
1696-5728
dc
An overview of environmental forensics
PHILP, R.P.
School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK. 73019
Environmental forensics has emerged as an important area of environmental studies over the past two decades. There are two basic aspects to any environmental investigation. The first being a conventional approach where the standard EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) methods are used to determine concentrations of selected compounds released into the environment. These methods are extremely well documented and widely used, but only provide information on specific target compounds. Whilst this information may be useful for monitoring purposes it is of little use when trying to determine the source of a spill or contaminants in the environment. If the purpose of an investigation is to determine the source of a contaminant, or point of release, then it is necessary to use a wide variety of analytical techniques and integrate all of the resulting data into one comprehensive data set. It may not always be possible to obtain a unique answer, particularly in the case of groundwater contaminants where there might only be one compound, for example MTBE or PCE. In that case if there are multiple possible sources in the area it may be difficult to narrow it down to a specific source. Furthermore fingerprinting tools that may be useful with complex mixtures may not be directly applicable to single component mixtures. The purpose of this paper will be to provide a brief overview, along with some recent examples of the type of information that is typically obtained in an environmental forensic investigation and how this information may be interpreted. It should be noted that all these examples are related to organic contaminants in the environment since that is the major area of focus at this time. Examples will involve hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, and MTBE and BTEX compounds. Techniques will include gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), stable isotopes both bulk and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GCIRMS). There are other techniques being used but in a paper of this length we will limit ourselves to these widely used techniques and those applications mentioned above since space does not permit a comprehensive review of all of them.
Universitat de Barcelona
2014-12-09 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/GEOACTA/article/view/GeologicaActa2014.12.4.7
Geologica Acta; Vol. 12 No. 4 (2014): ALAGO Special Publication: Selected Contributions from the XIII Congress
eng
Drets d'autor (c) 2014 R.P. PHILP
oai:revistes.ub.edu:article/10138
2022-02-14T09:14:56Z
GEOACTA:ALAGO
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"141110 2014 eng "
1696-5728
dc
Is there a pre-Cretaceous source rock in the Colombia Putumayo Basin? Clues from a study of crude oils by conventional and high resolution geochemical methods
MARTÍNEZ, M.
Ecopetrol, Exploration Vice-Presidency, Bogotá, Colombia.
MÁRQUEZ, R.
Ecopetrol, ICP, Bucaramanga, Colombia
GUTIÉRREZ, G.
Gems S.A. Bogotá, Colombia
MAYA, L.
Ecopetrol, Exploration Vice-Presidency. Bogotá, Colombia.
MORA, C.
Gems S.A. Bogotá, Colombia.
GUZMÁN, W.
Gems S.A. Bogotá, Colombia.
MOLDOWAN, J.M.
Stanford University and Biomarker Technology, Inc. Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA.
A geochemical characterization of sixteen crude oil samples from the Putumayo Basin, southern Colombia, was carried out. This basin is located to the north of Ecuador’s Oriente Basin, one of the most prolific hydrocarbon basins in South America. Regardless of the fact that these two basins seem to share the same geological evolution, the volume of hydrocarbon reserves found in the Oriente Basin is five times greater than in the Putumayo Basin. This represents an exploratory opportunity to the extent that a better understanding of the petroleum system processes in the Putumayo Basin can be achieved. Newly available geochemical technology shows evidence that these crude oils originated from Late Cretaceous source rocks. The novel application of an age-related biomarker, the C25- highly branched isoprenoid, has constrained the age of the principal source of all these oils as Late Cretaceous or younger. Advanced geochemical technologies, such as compound specific isotope analyses of biomarkers (CSIA-B) and diamondoids (CSIA-D), and quantitative extended diamondoid analysis (QEDA), have confirmed, repeatedly, that the oil samples are all related to the same source with minor facies variations. The integration of these results with geological data suggests the presence of a very efficient petroleum system, characterized by an alternating sequence of soçurce and reservoir rocks. Thermal maturity of the oils from biomarker and diamondoid parameters ranges from well before the peak of hydrocarbon expulsion to the beginning of the late hydrocarbon generation phase. The aerial distribution of these maturity parameters suggests the existence of two, or possibly three, pods of active source rocks, located to the southwest and to the east of the basin, and possibly to the north. This would modify the classic hydrocarbon migration model for the Putumayo Basin, increasing the hydrocarbon potential of the basin. Given the low level of thermal maturity documented in the Cretaceous sequence that has been drilled, the possibility to evaluate the presence of a very reactive kerogen with hydrocarbon expulsion thresholds at lower temperatures is proposed.
Universitat de Barcelona
2014-12-09 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/GEOACTA/article/view/GeologicaActa2014.12.4.5
Geologica Acta; Vol. 12 No. 4 (2014): ALAGO Special Publication: Selected Contributions from the XIII Congress
eng
Drets d'autor (c) 2014 M. MARTÍNEZ, R. MÁRQUEZ, G. GUTIÉRREZ, L. MAYA, C. MORA, W. GUZMÁN, J.M. MOLDOWAN
oai:revistes.ub.edu:article/10261
2022-02-14T09:14:56Z
GEOACTA:ALAGO
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"141110 2014 eng "
1696-5728
dc
Subduction consequences along the Andean margin: thermal and topographic signature of an ancient ridge subduction in the Marañón Basin of Perú
BAUDINO, R.
Repsol Exploration S.A. Méndez Alvaro 44, 28045 Madrid, Spain.
HERMOZA, W.
Repsol USA. 2455 Technology Forest Blvd, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA.
All along the eastern border of the Andes lie foreland basins that are among the most prolific hydrocarbon provinces of the world. Their Cenozoic evolution was controlled by the Andean uplift and its consequences on deformation and sedimentation. In turn, the Andean uplift results from the interplay between the subducting Nazca oceanic plate and the South American continental plate. Although the process exists all along the margin, the subducting plate is not regular including bathymetric anomalies and segments that result in different response in the deformation and active volcanism of the overriding plate. In the Marañón Basin of Peru, evidences allow documenting the consequences of a topographic anomaly subduction on the thermal regime and deformation of the Andean foreland during the Neogene. In this basin, a maturity anomaly is difficult to explain by considering only the present day thermal regime. However, it spatially coincides with the trace of a lost subducting ridge, the Inca Plateau. Other features like differential uplift and erosion can be related to the same event in the area. We review the consequences of oceanic ridge subduction along the Andean margin. Their effects on the deformation and volcanism of the forearc and arc regions have been extensively described. Their influence on the present day foreland topography is testified by the existence of giant alluvial fans and displaced terraces. Their effect on magmatism and ore deposits formation has also been demonstrated. The example illustrated here shows that their influence on thermal regime, deformation, erosion and ultimately on petroleum systems must also be taken into account in the search for hydrocarbons in subduction related basins.
All along the eastern border of the Andes lie foreland basins that are among the most prolific hydrocarbon provinces of the world. Their Cenozoic evolution was controlled by the Andean uplift and its consequences on deformation and sedimentation. In turn, the Andean uplift results from the interplay between the subducting Nazca oceanic plate and the South American continental plate. Although the process exists all along the margin, the subducting plate is not regular including bathymetric anomalies and segments that result in different response in the deformation and active volcanism of the overriding plate.
In the Marañon Basin of Peru, evidences allow documenting the consequences of a topographic anomaly subduction on the thermal regime and deformation of the Andean foreland during the Neogene. In this basin, a maturity anomaly is difficult to explain by considering only the present day thermal regime. However, it spatially coincides with the trace of a lost subducting ridge, the Inca Plateau. Other features like differential uplift and erosion can be related to the same event in the area.
We review the consequences of oceanic ridge subduction along the Andean margin. Their effects on the deformation and volcanism of the forearc and arc regions have been extensively described. Their influence on the present day foreland topography is testified by the existence of giant alluvial fans and displaced terraces. Their effect on magmatism and ore deposits formation has also been demonstrated.
This example illustrated here shows that their influence on thermal regime, deformation, erosion and ultimately on petroleum systems, must also be taken into account in the search for hydrocarbons in subduction related basins.
Universitat de Barcelona
2014-12-09 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/GEOACTA/article/view/GeologicaActa2014.12.4.2
Geologica Acta; Vol. 12 No. 4 (2014): ALAGO Special Publication: Selected Contributions from the XIII Congress
eng
Drets d'autor (c) 2014 R. BAUDINO, W. HERMOZA
oai:revistes.ub.edu:article/10305
2022-02-14T09:14:56Z
GEOACTA:ALAGO
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"141203 2014 eng "
1696-5728
dc
Distribution and origin of natural gas leakage in the Colorado Basin, offshore Argentina 2 Margin, South America: seismic interpretation and 3D basin modelling
ANKA, Z.
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. Potsdam, Germany.
LOEGERING, M.J.
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. Potsdam, Germany. Sasol101 Wigmore St. London W1U. UK.
DI PRIMIO, R.
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. Potsdam, Germany. Lundin Norway SAStrandveien 50B, P.O. Box 247, N-1326 Lysaker, Norway.
MARCHAL, D.
Petrobras Argentina S.A. Maipú 1 1084 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
RODRIGUEZ, J.F.
Petrobras Argentina S.A. Maipú 1 1084 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
VALLEJO, E.
Petrobras Argentina S.A. Maipú 1 1084 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. YPF Tecnología S.A.Torre YPF Macacha Guemes 515, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The detailed analysis of a dense 2D seismic reflection dataset and data from 8 exploration wells, allowed us to identify, map out and characterize possible indications of past and present-day hydrocarbon leakage (i.e. gas chimneys, gas pockets, and seafloor mounds and pockmarks) on the continental shelf and slope of the Colorado Basin, offshore Argentina, where Permian, Jurassic and Early Cretaceous source rocks are potentially present and may be currently mature. Identified gas leakage features, developed both in the syn-rift and post-rift successions, were also analysed in relation to the structural the stratigraphic elements of the basin. A family of seabed pockmarks, located close to an array of submarine channels, was identified on the distal slope of the basin. These pockmarks are overlying a series of sub-vertical to vertical seismic chimneys in the subsurface. A calibrated basin-wide 3D petroleum system model comprising generation and migration of hydrocarbons was carried out and compared with the observations from the seismic analysis. Preliminary results from this model indicate that although synrift and early Cretaceous source rock (SR) intervals may be depleted in the central areas of the basin, an active kitchen from the Aptian SR may be present below the slope areas. Hydrocarbon migration pathways predicted by the 3D model (Hybrid method) coincide with the interpreted seismic chimneys underlying the observed seabed slope pockmarks. Hence, our results indicate that thermogenic gas may be currently generated in the distal slope of the basin from mature early post-rift source rocks within the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) sequences and migrates vertically, due to seal failure, through the stratigraphic column. This migrating thermogenic gas is feeding the seafloor pockmarks identified in the distal slope of the basin, although up-dip lateral migration along stratigraphic layers to the more proximal slope areas cannot be ruled out. The present work represents the first published study integrating detailed seismic analysis and 3D basin modelling linking observed gas-leakage indicators and associated seepage pathways, to their relative abundance, distribution and feeding systems offshore Argentina’s continental margin.
Universitat de Barcelona
2014-12-09 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/GEOACTA/article/view/GeologicaActa2014.12.4.1
Geologica Acta; Vol. 12 No. 4 (2014): ALAGO Special Publication: Selected Contributions from the XIII Congress
eng
Drets d'autor (c) 2014 Z. ANKA, M.J. LOEGERING, R. DI PRIMIO, D. MARCHAL, J.F. RODRIGUEZ, E. VALLEJO
oai:revistes.ub.edu:article/11111
2022-02-14T09:14:56Z
GEOACTA:ALAGO
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"121209 2012 eng "
1696-5728
dc
Foreword
BAUDINO, R.
PERMANYER, A.
-
Universitat de Barcelona
2014-12-09 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/GEOACTA/article/view/11111
Geologica Acta; Vol. 12 No. 4 (2014): ALAGO Special Publication: Selected Contributions from the XIII Congress
eng
Drets d'autor (c) 2012 R. BAUDINO, A. PERMANYER