Devonian palynological assemblages from the San Antonio x-1 Borehole, Tarija Basin, northwestern Argentina

Authors

  • S. NOETINGER EGE Department – Natural and Pure Sciences Faculty - University of Buenos Aires. Intendente Güiraldes 2160. Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • M. DI PASQUO CICyTTP – CONICET. Dr. Matteri y España. Diamante, Entre Ríos (E3105BWA), Argentina.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1344/105.000001693

Keywords:

Palynofloras, Devonian, Los Monos Formation, Tarija Basin, Northwestern Argentina

Abstract

The palynological analysis of the 2548-3628 m interval of the San Antonio x-1 Borehole in northwestern Argentina is presented. The illustrated palynoflora is composed of 96 species represented by diverse palynological groups such as trilete spores and cryptospores (46 species), microplankton (39 species), chitinozoans (7 species), scolecodonts, and some remaining specimens in open nomenclature and as incertae sedis. One new species, Retusotriletes ottonei, is described. Thirty-four species are first records in the Argentinean Devonian. Three assemblages (SA1, SA2, and SA3) are defined based on the presence, absence, or abundance of groups of taxa. The presence of Grandispora protea and Grandispora douglastownense among others in the assemblage SA1 is indicative of a late Emsian to mid-Eifelian age. The concurrence of Acinosporites macrospinosus and A. acanthomammillatus in the assemblage SA2 is indicative of a late Eifelian-mid Givetian and is also supported by the appearance of several other species such as Chomotriletes vedugensis, Dibolisporites farraginis and Biharisporites parviornatus. An early Frasnian age is associated to the assemblage SA3 on the basis of the appearances of Lunulidia micropunctata, Pseudolunulidia laevigata, Verrucosisporites bulliferus and the abundance of Maranhites. The assemblages SA1 and SA2 reflect a nearshore, shallow marine depositional conditions, characterized by a high terrestrial input and variable marine influence, while the assemblage SA3 could represent a transgression during that time. The assemblages are composed of many cosmpolitan index species that support a partial correlation with Brazilian and Euramerican zonations resulting from the effects of paleolatitude and the configuration of land and sea for that time, with a narrow Rheic Ocean between northern Gondwana and Euramerica.

References

Al-Ghazi, A., 2007. New evidence for the Early Devonian age of the Jauf Formation in northern Saudi Arabia. Revue de Micropaleontology, 50, 59-72.

Albariño, L., Dalenz-Farjat, A., Álvarez, L., Hernández, R., Pérez Leyton, M., 2002. Las secuencias edimentarias del Devónico en el Subandino sur y el Chaco, Bolivia y Argentina. Mar del Plata, 5º Congreso de Exploración y Desarrollo de Hidrocarburos, CD Trabajos Técnicos, 23pp.

Álvarez, L.A., Dalenz-Farjat, A., Hernández, R.M., Albariño, L., 2003. Integración de facies y biofacies en un análisis secuencial en plataformas clásticas devónicas del sur de Bolivia y noroeste argentino. Asociación Argentina de Sedimentología Revista, 10, 103-121.

Amenábar, C.R., 2007. New palynological assemblage from the Chigua Formation (Early Late-Middle Devonian), at Del Chaco creek, Volcán Range, Precordillera Argentina. Field Meeting of the IGCP 499-UNESCO “Devonian Land-Sea Interaction: Evolution of Ecosystems and Climate” Serie Correlación Geológica, INSUGEO, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Special Issue, 92-96.

Amenábar, C.R., 2009. Middle Devonian microfloras from the Chigua Formation, Precordillera region, northwestern Argentina. Geological Society, London, 314 (Special Publications), 177-192.

Amenábar, C.R., di Pasquo, M.M., Carrizo, H., Azcuy, C.L., 2006. Palynology of the Chigua and Malimán Formations in the Sierra del Volcán, San Juan province, Argentina. Part I. Palaeomicroplankton and acavate smooth and ornamented spores. Ameghiniana, 43 (2), 339-375.

Amenábar, C.R., di Pasquo, M.M., Carrizo, H., Azcuy, C.L., 2007. Palynology of the Chigua (Devonian) and Malimán (Carboniferous) formations in the Volcán Range, San Juan Province, Argentina. Part II. Cavate, pseudosaccate and cingulizonate spores. Ameghiniana, 44, 547-564.

Amenábar, C.R., di Pasquo, M., Azcuy, C.L., 2009. Palynofloras of the Chigua (Devonian) and Malimán (Mississippian) formations from the Precordillera Argentina: Age, correlation and discussion of the D/C boundary. Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 41, 217-239.

Avchimovitch, V.I., Byvscheva, T.V., Higgs, K., Streel, M., Umnova, V.T., 1988. Miospore systematics and stratigraphic correlation of Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary deposits in the European part of the USSR and western Europe. Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg, 100, 169-191.

Avchimovitch, V.I., Tchibrikova, E.V., Obukhovskaya, T.G., Nazarenko, A.M., Umnova, V.T., Raskatova, L.G., Mantsurova, V:N., Loboziak, S., Strell, M., 1993. Middle and Upper Devonian miospore zonation of Eastern Europe. Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf-Aquitaine, 17, 79-147.

Balme, B.E., 1988. Miospores from Late Devonian (early Frasnian) strata, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Palaeontographica, Abt B 209, 109-166.

Barreda, V.D., 1986. Acritarcos Givetiano-Frasnianos de la Cuenca del Noroeste, Provincia de Salta. Argentina. Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 18, 229‑245.

Becker, G., Bless, M.J.M., Streel, M., Thorez, J., 1974. Palynology and ostracode distribution in the Upper Devonian and basal Dinantian of Belgium and their dependence on sedimentary facies. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie, 25, 10-99.

Blieck, A., Gagnier, P.Y., Bigey, E.P., Edgecombe, G.D., Janvier, P., Loboziak, S., Racheboeuf, P.R., Sempere, T., Steemans, P., 1996. New Devonian fossil localities in Bolivia. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 9, 295-308.

Byvsheva, T.V., 1997. Spores from the Early Carboniferous of the Russian Platform and interregional correlation. Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 157, 53-61.

Colbath, G.K., 1990. Palaeobiogeography of Middle Palaeozoic organic-walled phytoplankton. In: McKerrow, W.S., Scotese, C.R. (eds). Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography. Geological Society, London, Memoir, 12, 207-213.

Collinson, C., Scott, A.J., 1958. Chitinozoan faunule of the Devonian Cedar Valley Formation. Illinois State Geological Survey Circular, 247, 1-34.

Dalenz Farjat, A., Álvarez, L.A., Hernández, R.M., Albariño, L.M., 2002. Cuenca Siluro-Devónica del Sur de Bolivia y del Noroeste Argentino: algunas interpretaciones. 5º Congreso de Exploración y Desarrollo de Hidrocarburos, Mar del Plata, CD Trabajos Técnicos.

Dettmann, M., 1963. Upper Mesozoic microfloras from southeastern Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 77, 1-148.

di Pasquo, M.M., 2005. Resultados palinológicos preliminares de estratos del Devónico y Carbonífero en el perfil de Balapuca, sur de Bolivia. 16º Congreso Geológico Argentino, La Plata, Actas, 4, 293-298.

di Pasquo, M.M., 2007a. Asociaciones palinológicas en las formaciones Los Monos (Devónico) e Itacua (Carbonífero Inferior) en Balapuca (cuenca Tarija), sur de Bolivia. Parte 1. Formación Los Monos. Revista Geológica de Chile, 34 (1), 97-137.

di Pasquo, M.M., 2007b. Asociaciones palinológicas presentes en las Formaciones Los Monos (Devónico) e Itacua (Carbonífero Inferior) en el perfil de Balapuca, sur de Bolivia. Parte 2. Formación Itacua e interpretación estratigráfica y cronología de las formaciones Los Monos e Itacua. Revista Geológica de Chile, 34, 163-198.

di Pasquo, M.M., 2007c. State of the art of the Devonian palynological records in the northern Argentina, southern Bolivia and northwestern Paraguay. In: Aceñolaza, G.F., Vergel, M., Peralta, S., Herbst, R. (eds). Field Meeting of the IGCP 499-UNESCO “Devonian Land-Sea Interaction: Evolution of Ecosystems and Climate” (DEVEC), San Juan, 2007, 70-73.

di Pasquo, M.M., Noetinger, S., 2008. Resultados preliminares del análisis palinológico del Pozo San Antonio X-1 (Salta) entre 2544 y 1293m de profundidad. 17º Congreso Geológico Argentino, Jujuy, Actas, 1, 347-348.

di Pasquo, M., Amenábar, C.R., Noetinger, S., 2007. The palaeobiogeographical significance of the spore Grandispora pseudoreticulata (Menéndez and Pöthe de Baldis) Ottone in the Middle to Late Devonian of Gondwana. The IGCP 499-UNESCO “Devonian Land-Sea Interaction: Evolution of Ecosystems and Climate” (DEVEC, San Juan, 2007). Serie Correlación Geológica, INSUGEO, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Special Issue, 97-101.

di Pasquo, M., Amenábar, C.R., Noetinger, S., 2009. Middle Devonian microfloras and megafloras from western Argentina and southern Bolivia. Their importance in the palaeobiogeographical and palaeoclimatic evolution of western Gondwana. In: Königshof, P. (ed.). “Devonian Change: Case Studies in Palaeogeography and Palaeoecology”. The Geological

Society, London, 314(Special Publications), 193-213.

Díaz Martínez, E., 1999. Estratigrafía y paleogeografia del Paleozoico Superior del norte de los Andes Centrales (Bolivia y sur del Perú). In: Macharé, J., Benavides, V., Rosas, S. (eds). Volumen Jubilar No. 5 “75 Aniversario Sociedad Geológica del Perú”. Boletin de la Sociedad Geológica del Perú, 5, 19-26.

Díaz Martínez, E., Vavrdová, M., Bek, J., Isaacson, P.E., 1999. Late Devonian (Famennian) glaciation in western Gondwana: evidence from the Central Andes. Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 54, 213-237.

Dino, R., 1999. Palynostratigraphy of the Silurian and Devonian sequence of the Paraná Basin, Brazil. In: Rodrigues, M.A.C., Pereira, E, (eds). Ordovician-Devonian palynostratigraphy in Western Gondwana: update, problems and perspectives. Faculdade de Geologia da Universidade Estatal do Rio de Janeiro, Resumos expandidos, 27-61.

Dybová, S., Jachowicz, A. 1957. Microspores of the Upper Silesian Coal Measures. Instituta Geologicheskikh Prece, 23, 1-328.

Echavarria, L., Hernández, R., Allmendinger, R., Reynolds, J., 2003. Subandean thrust and fold belt of northwestern Argentina: Geometry and timing of the Andean evolution. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 87 (6), 965-985.

Eisenack, A., 1931. Neue Mikrofossilien des baltischen Silurs. 1. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, v. 13, no. 1-2, 74-118.

Eisenack, A., 1972. Beiträge zur Chitinozoen-Forschung. Palaeontographica A, 140, 117-130.

Evitt, W. R., 1963. A discussion and proposals concerning fossil dinoflagellates, hystrichospheres, and acritarchs. I. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 49, 158-164.

González, F., 2009. Reappraisal of the organic-walled microphytoplankton genus Maranhites: morphology, excystment, and speciation. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 154 (1-4), 6-21.

Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., 2004. A Geologic Time Scale. Cambridge University Press, 589.

Grahn, Y., 2002. Upper Silurian and Devonian chitinozoa from central and southern Bolivia, central Andes. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 15, 315-326.

Grahn, Y., 2003. Silurian and Devonian chitinozoan assemblages from the Chaco-Paraná Basin, northeastern Argentina and central Uruguay. Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 35, 1-8.

Grahn, Y., 2005. Devonian chitinozoan biozones of Western Gondwana. Acta Geologica Polonica, 55, 211-227.

Grahn, Y., Gutiérrez, P.R., 2001. Silurian and Middle Devonian Chitinozoa from the Zapla and Santa Bárbara Ranges, Tarija Basin, northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana, 38, 35-50.

Grahn, Y., Melo, J. H.G., 2002. Chitinozoan biostratigraphy of the Late Devonian formations in well Caima PH-2, Tapajós River area, Amazonas Basin, northern Brazil. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 118, 115-139.

Grahn, Y., Pereira, E., Bergamaschi, S., 2000. Silurian and Lower Devonian Chitinozoan biostratigraphy of the Paraná Basin in Brazil and Paraguay. Palynology, 24, 143-172.

Grahn, Y., Bergamaschi, S., Pereira, E., 2002. Middle and Upper Devonian chitinozoan biostratigraphy of the Paraná Basin in Brazil and Paraguay. Palynology, 26, 135-165.

Grahn, Y., Loboziak, S., Melo, J.H.G., 2003. Integrated correlation of Late Silurian (Přídolí s.l.) – Devonian chitinozoans and miospores in the Solimões Basin, northern Brazil. Acta Geologica Polonica, 53, 283- 300.

Hashemi, H., Playford, G., 2005. Devonian spore assemblages of the Adavale Basin, Queensland (Australia): descriptive systematics and stratigraphic significance. Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 37, 317-417.

Hoffmeister, W.S., 1959. Lower Silurian plant spores from Libya. Micropaleontology, 5, 331-334.

Jansonius, J., 1964. Morphology and classification of some Chitinozoa. Bulletin Canadian Petrology and Geology, 12, 901-918.

Kimyai, A., 1983. Palaeozoic microphytoplankton from South America. Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 15, 415-426.

Le Hérissé, A., Deunff, J., 1988. Acritarches et Prasinophycés (Givétien supérieur-Frasnien moyen) de Ferques (BoulonnaisFrance). In: D. Brice (ed.), Le Dévonien de Ferques, Bas-Boulonnais (N. France): Biostratigraphie du Paléozoïque, 7, 104-152.

Le Hérissé, A., Al-Tayyar, H., Van der Eem, H., 1995. Stratigraphic and paleogeographical significance of Silurian acritarchs from Saudi Arabia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 89, 49-74.

Le Hérissé, A., Servais, T., Wicander, R., 2000. Devonian acritarchs and related forms. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 220, 195-205.

Legault, J.A., 1973. Chitinozoa and acritarcha of the Hamilton Formation (Middle Devonian), southwestern Ontario. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin, 221, 1-103.

Limachi, R., Goitia, V.H., Sarmiento, D., Arispe, O., Montecinos, R., Diaz Martínez, E., Dalenz Farjat, A., Liachenco, N., Pérez Leyton, M., Aguilera, E., 1996. Estratigrafía, geoquímica, correlaciones, ambientes sedimentarios y bioestratigrafía del Silúrico-Devónico de Bolivia. 12º Congreso Geológico de Bolivia, Tarija, Memorias, 12, 183-197.

Lobo Boneta, J., 1975. Sobre algunos palinomorfos del Devónico Superior y Carbónico Inferior de la zona subandina sur de Bolivia. Revista Técnica Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos (Anales de la IV Convención Nacional de Geología, tomo 1), 4, 159-175.

Loboziak, S., 1999. Late Early to Late Devonian palynologic events in Western Gondwana: an application to Brazilian Devonian basins. In: Rodrigues, M.A.C., Pereira, E. (eds). Ordovician - Devonian Palynostratigraphy in Western Gondwana: Update, Problems and Perspectives. Río de Janeiro. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Facultad de Geologia, 63-75.

Loboziak, S., 2000. Middle to early Late Devonian miospore biostratigraphy of Saudi Arabia. In: Sa’id Al-Hajri, Owens, B. (eds). Stratigraphic palynology of the Palaeozoic of Saudi Arabia. Gulf Petrolink, Bahrain, 134-145.

Loboziak, S., Streel, M., 1995. West Gondwanan aspects of the Middle and Upper Devonian miospore zonation in North Africa and Brazil. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 86, 147-155.

Luber, A.A., Waltz, I.E., 1938. Klassifikatsiya i stratigraficheskoe zhachenie spor nekotovich kamennougol’nich mestorojdenii SSSR. Trudy TSNIGRI, Moscow, 105, 1-45.

Marhoumi, R., Rauscher, R., 1984. Un plancton Dévonien de la Meseta Orientale au Maroc. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 43, 237-253.

Marshall, J.E.A., Fletcher, T.P., 2002. Middle Devonian (Eifelian) spores from a fluvial dominated lake margin in the Orcadian Basin, Scotland. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 118, 195- 209.

McGregor, D.C., 1979. Devonian miospores of North America. Palynology, 3, 31-52.

McGregor, D.C., 1984. Late Silurian and Devonian spores from Bolivia. Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba, Miscelánea 69, 1-43.

McGregor, D.C., Camfield, M., 1976. Upper Silurian? to Middle Devonian spores of the Moose River Basin, Ontario. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 263, 1-63.

McGregor, D.C., Camfield, M., 1982. Middle Devonian miospores from the Cape de Bray, Weatherall, and Hecla Bay Formations of northeastern Melville Island, Canadian Arctic. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 348, 1-105.

McGregor, D.C., Playford, G., 1992. Canadian and Australian Devonian spores: zonation and correlation. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin, 438, 1-125.

Melo, J.H.G., 1989. The Malvinokaffric Realm in the Devonian of Brazil. In: McMillan, N.J., Embry, A. F., Glass, D.J. (eds.). Devonian of the World. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 14, 669-703.

Melo, J.H.G., 2005 a. Palynostratigraphy of some Paleozoic rock units of Bolivia: additional results. VI Congreso de Exploración y Desarrollo de Hidrocarburos. CD Trabajos Técnicos. Mar del Plata.

Melo, J.H.G., 2005 b. Selected Devonian palynological biohorizons in Brazilian Paleozoic basins: state-of-the-art. In Gondwana XII, Mendoza, Academia Nacional de Ciencias Córdoba. Abstracts, 249.

Melo, J.H.G., Loboziak, S., 2003. Devonian - Early Carboniferous miospore biostratigraphy of the Amazon Basin, Northern Brazil. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 124, 131-202.

Menéndez, C.A , Pöthe de Baldis, E.D., 1967. Devonian Spores from Paraguay. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1, 161-172.

Menning, M., Alekseev, A.S., Chuvashov, B.I., Davydov, V.I., Devuyst, F.-X., Forke, H.C., Grunt, T.A., Hance, L., Heckel, P.H., Izokh, N.G., Jin, Y.-G., Jones, P.J., Kotlyar, G.V., Kozur, H.W., Nemyrovska, T.I., Schneider, J.W., Wang, X.- D., Weddige, K., Weyer, D., Work, D.M., 2006. Global time scale and regional stratigraphic reference scales of Central and West Europe, East Europe, Tethys, South China, and North America as used in the Devonian–Carboniferous–Permian Correlation Chart 2003 (DCP 2003). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 240, 318-372.

Molyneux, S.G., Le Hérissé, A., Wicander, R., 1996. Paleozoic phytoplankton. In: Jansonius, J.,

cGregor, D.C. (eds). Palynology: Principles and Applications. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, 2, 493-529.

Naumova, S.N., 1953. Spore- pollen complexes of the Upper Devonian of the Russian Platform and their stratigraphical value. Akademai Nauk S.S.S.R, Geologickeskiy Institut, Geologischeskiy seriya , 60 (143), 1- 204.

Noetinger, S., di Pasquo, M.M., 2007. Preliminary studies of Devonian microfloras of a borehole from the Tarija Basin, Northwestern Argentina. In European Meeting on Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Latin American. Madrid, 4, 285-290.

Oliveira, S.F., 1997. Palinologia da sequência devoniana da Bacia do Paraná no Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai: implicações biocronoestratigráficas, paleoambientais e paleogeográficas. Docotoral Thesis. São Paulo, Universidad de São Paulo, 380pp.

Ottone, E.G., 1996. Devonian palynomorphs from the Los Monos formation, Tarija basin, Argentina. Palynology, 20, 105- 155.

Ottone, E.G., Rossello, E.A., 1996. Palinomorfos devónicos de la Formación Tequeje, Angosto del Beu, Bolivia. Ameghiniana, 33, 443-452.

Owens, B., 1971. Miospores from the Middle and Early Upper Devonian rocks of the Western Queen Elizabeth Islands, Artic Archipelago. Geological Survey of Canada, 157pp.

Paris, F., 1981. Les Chitinozoaires dans le Paléozoique du sudouest de l’Europe. Mémoires de la Société géologique et mineralogique de Bretagne, 26, 412 pp.

Pérez Leyton, M., 1990. Palynomorphes du Devonien Moyen et Superieur de la Coupe de Bermejo-La Angostura (Sud-Est de la Bolivie). Master Dissertation, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Liège, Belgium: 156 p. (Unpublished).

Pérez Leyton, M., 1991. Miospores du Devonien Moyen et Superieur de la Coupe de Bermejo - La Angostura (Sud- Est de la Bolivie). Annales de la Societé Géologique de Belgique, 113 (2), 373- 389.

Playford, G., 1976. Plant Microfossils from the Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous of the Canning Basin, Western Australia. Palaeontographica B, 158, 1-71.

Playford, G., 1977. Lower to Middle Devonian Acritarchs of the Moose River Basin, Ontario. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin, 279, 1-87.

Playford, G., 1985. Palynology of the Australian Lower Carboniferous: a review. In International

Congres on Stratigraphy and Geology of Carboniferous 10, Comptes Rendus, 4, 247-265.

Playford, G., 1991. Australian Lower Carboniferous miospores relevant to extra-Gondwanic correlations: and evaluation. Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg, 130, 85-125.

Playford, G., Dring, R.S., 1981. Late Devonian acritarchs from the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Palaeontological Association, Special Papers in Palaeontology, 27, 1-78.

Pöthe de Baldis, E.D., 1974. El microplancton del Devónico medio de Paraguay. Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 6, 367-379.

Pöthe de Baldis, E.D., 1979. Acritarcos y quitinozoos del Devónico Superior de Paraguay. Palinología, 1, 161-177.

Potonié, R., 1956. Synopsis der Gattungen der Sporae dispersae, I. Teil: Sporites. Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch, 23, 1-103.

Potonié, R., 1970. Synopsis der Gattungen der Sporae dispersae. V. Teil: Nachtrage zu allen Gruppen (Turmae). Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch, 87, 1-222.

Quadros, L.P., 1988. Zoneamento bioestratigráfico do Paleozóico inferior e medio (seçâo marinha) da Bacia do Solimôes. Boletim Geociências Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, 2, 95-109.

Quadros, L.P., 1999. Silurian-Devonian acritarch assemblages from Paraná Basin: an update and correlation with Northern Brazilian basins. In: Rodrigues, M.A.C., Pereira, E. (eds). Ordovician-Devonian palynostratigraphy in Western Gondwana: update, problems and perspectives. Faculdade de Geologia da Universidade Estatal do Rio de Janeiro, Resumos expandidos, 105-145.

Racheboeuf, P., Le Hérissé, A., Paris, F., Babin, C., Guillocheau, F., Truyols-Massoni, M., Suárez-Soruco, R., 1993. Le Dévonien de Bolivie: biostratigraphie et chronostratigraphie. Comptes Rendus de l´Academie de Sciences de Paris, 317, 795-802.

Ravn, R.L., Benson, D.G., 1988. Devonian miospores and reworked acritarchs from southeastern Georgia, USA. Palynology, 12, 179-200.

Richardson, J.B., 1965. Middle Old Red Sandstone spore assemblages from the Orcadian Basin north-east Scotland. Palaeontology, 7(4), 559-605.

Richardson, J.B., McGregor, D.C., 1986. Silurian and Devonian spore zones of the Old Red Sandstone continent and adjacent regions. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 364, 1-79.

Rodrigues, R., Loboziak, S., Melo, J.H.G., Alves, D.B., 1995. Geochemical characterization and miospore biochronostratigraphy of the Frasnian anoxic event in the Parnaíba Basin, northeast Brazil. Bulletin des Centres de Recherches de Exploration–Production Elf-Aquitaine, 19, 319-327.

Rubinstein, C.V., 1999. Primer registro palinológico de la Formación Punta Negra (Devónico Medio-Superior), de la Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina. Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial 6 (10º Simposio Argentino de Paleobotánica y Palinología), Buenos Aires, 13-18.

Rubinstein, C.V., 2000. Middle Devonian palynomorphs from the San Juan Precordillera, Argentina: biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography. In: Diez, J.B., Balbino, A.C. (eds.). Congreso Ibérico de Paleontología, Jornadas de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología y International Meeting of IGCP 421, 1, 14 y 8. Evora, Resúmenes, 274-275.

Sarjeant, W.A.S., Stancliffe, R.P.W., 1994. The Mycrhystridium and Veryhachium Complexes (Acritarcha: Acanthomorphitae and Polygonomorphitae): A taxonomic reconsideration. Micropaleontology, 40 (1), 1-77.

Sarjeant, W.A.S., Vavrdová, M. 1997. Taxonomic reconsideration of Multiplicisphaeridium Staplin, 1961 and other acritarch genera with branching processes. Geolines, 5, 1-52.

Smith, A.H.V., Butterworth, M.A., 1967. Miospores in the coal sems of the Carboniferous of Great Britain. The Palaeontological Association, Special Paper in Palaeontology, 1, 1-324.

Starck, D., 1995. Silurian- Jurassic stratigraphy and Basin evolution of northwestern Argentina. In: Tankard, A.J., Suárez, S.R., Welsink, H.J. (eds.). Petroleum basins of South America. Tulsa. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir, 62, 251-267.

Starck, D., 1996. Facies continentales en el Siluro-Devónico de la cuenca del Noroeste. Provincia de Salta, Argentina. 12º Congreso Geológico de Bolivia, Tarija, Memorias, 231-238.

Starck, D., 1999. Los sistemas petroleros de la Cuenca de Tarija. 4º Congreso de Exploración y Desarrollo de Hidrocarburos, Mar del Plata, Actas 1, 63-82.

Streel, M., 1964. Une association de spores du Givétien inférieur de la Vesdre, à Goe (Belgique). Annales Société Géologique de Belgique, 87, 1-30.

Streel, M., Loboziak, S., 1996. Middle and Upper Devonian miospores. In: Jansonius, J., McGregor, D.C. (eds). Palynology: Principles and applications. American Association of

Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, 2, 575-587.

Streel, M., Higgs, K., Loboziak, S., Riegel, W., Steemans, P., 1987. Spore stratigraphy and correlation with faunas and floras in the type marine Devonian of the Ardenne-Rhenish regions. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 50, 211-229.

Suárez Soruco, R., 2000. Compendio de Geología de Bolivia. Revista Técnica Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos, 18, 1-213.

Suárez Soruco, R., Lobo Boneta, J., 1983. La fase compresiva Eohercínica en el sector oriental de la Cuenca Cordillerana de Bolivia. Revista Técnica de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos, 9, 189-202.

Taugourdeau, P.H., 1966. Les Chitinozoaires, techiniques d’études, morphologie et classification. Mémoires de la Société géologique de France, 45 (1), 64 pp.

Turnau, E., 1996. Miospore stratigraphy of Middle Devonian deposits from Western Pomerania. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 93, 107-125.

Turnau, E., Racki, G., 1999. Givetian palynostratigraphy and palynofacies: new data from the Bodzentyn Syncline (Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 106, 237-271.

Utting, J., Wielens, H., 1992. Organic petrology, thermal maturity, geology, and petroleum source rock potential of Lower Permian coal, Karoo Supersystem, Zambia. Energy Sources 14, 337-354.

Vavrdová, M., Isaacson, P.E., 1999. Late Famennian phytogeographyc provincialism: Evidence for a limited separation of Gondwana and Laurentia. Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 54, 453-463.

Vavrdová, M., Isaacson, P.E., Díaz, E., Bek, J., 1993. Devonian - Carboniferous boundary at Lake Titikaka, Bolivia: preliminary palynological results. 12º Congrès International de la Stratigraphie et Géologie du Carbonifère et Permien, Buenos Aires, 1991, Compte Rendu, 1, 187-200.

Vavrdová, M., Bek, J., Dufka, P., Isaacson, P.E., 1996. Palynology of the Devonian (Lochkovian to Tournaisian) sequence, Madre de Dios Basin, northen Bolivia. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey (Vestník Ceského geologického ústavu), 71, 333-349.

Vistalli, M. C., Hernández, R., Disalvo, A., Starck, D., Sylwan, C., 2005. Cuencas paleozoicas del noroeste argentino. In: Chebli, G.A., Cortiñas, J.S., Spalletti, L.A., Legarreta, L., Vallejo, E.L (eds.). Frontera Exploratoria de la Argentina. VI Congreso de Exploración y Desarrollo de Hidrocarburos, 41-61.

Volkheimer, W., Melendi, D.L., Salas, A., 1986. Devonian chitinozoans from northwestern Argentina. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abd 173, 229-251.

Wicander, E.R., Loeblich, A.R., 1977. Organic-walled microphytoplankton and its stratigraphic significance fron the Upper Devonian Antrim shale, Indiana, USA. Palaeontorgraphica, Abt. B, 160, 129-165.

Wicander, E.R., Wood, G.D., 1981. Systematics and Biostratigraphy of the organic-walled microphytoplankton from the Middle Devonian (Givetian) Silica Formation, Ohio, USA. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists, Contribution Series, 8, 1-137.

Wnuk, C., 1996. The development of floristic provinciality during the Middle and Late Paleozoic. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 90, 5-40.

Wood, G.D., 1984. A stratigraphic, paleoecologic and paleobiogeographic review of the acritarchs Umbellasphaeridium deflandrei and Umbellasphaeridium saharicum. 9º International Congress on Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology, Illinois, Compte Rendu, 2, 191-211.

Wood, G.D., 1994. Togachitina, a new bilayered chitinozoan genus from the Devonian of the Sierras Subandinas region, Bolivia. Palynology, 18, 195-204.

Wood, G.D., 1995. The Gondwanan Acritarch Bimerga bensonii gen. et sp. nov.: paleogeographic and biostratigraphic importance in the Devonian Malvinokaffric Realm. Palynology, 19, 221-231.

Young, G.C., 1996. Devonian. In: Young, G.C., Laurie, J.R. (eds). An Australian Phanerozoic Timescale. Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 4, 96-109.

Downloads

Published

2011-07-14

Issue

Section

Articles