L’electricitat i el paper de l’estat: Nova Zelanda i Uruguai abans del desenvolupament dirigit per l’estat (1870-1930)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/rhiihr.37856Paraules clau:
economies d'assentament recent, endogeneïtat dels recursos naturals, paper de l'estat, sistema elèctric, electricitat i desenvolupamentResum
La configuració d’una estructura productiva moderna requereix un subministrament d’e-ner gia suficient a costos competitius. Des del darrer terç del segle xix, la producció de carbó i les millors condicions naturals per generar energia hidroelèctrica a baix cost expliquen, al-menys parcialment, les diferències a favor de Nova Zelanda. Tanmateix, els arranjaments ins-titucionals són un altre factor rellevant de diferenciació. L’argument que planteja aquest arti-cle es basa en el concepte d’endogeneïtat dels recursos naturals i s’aplica per demostrar el pa-per dels diferents estats en els sistemes elèctrics. La intervenció estatal va procurar millorar les condicions de benestar a l’Uruguai sense parar prou atenció als aspectes productius; en canvi, a Nova Zelanda el desenvolupament de la producció va ser el focus de l’acció pública. Com a resultat, es va consolidar una xarxa elèctrica més extensa i densa a Nova Zelanda que, poten-cialment, hauria creat millors condicions de diversificació i producció rural.
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