El fracàs de l‟estratègia d’industrialització d’Algèria, 1967-1989: una nova perspectiva d’economia estructural
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/rhiihr.41054Paraules clau:
Industrialització, nova economia estructural, creixement econòmic, AlgèriaResum
Seguint el marc teòric de la Nova Economia Estructural, aquest article intenta explicar per què va fracassar l’estratègia d’industrialització d’Algèria durant el període 1967-1989. Basant- se en aquest enfocament, es demostra que, des de la seva independència, l’excessiu desenvolupament d’una estratègia de ràpida industrialització, que va prioritzar la indústria pesant i intensiva en capital, va violar el principi d’avantatge comparatiu, d’acord amb la dotació de factors d’Algèria, i va provocar distorsions en el mercat intern i una assignació inadequada d’uns recursos escassos. Simultàniament, per sustentar aquest model de desenvolupament, el govern algerià va dissenyar un sistema orgànic, encara que profundament distorsionat. Concloem que aquesta experiència va generar greus deficiències en l’estructura i la planificació industrial del país i va donar lloc a una estructura econòmica desequilibrada. L’estratègia d’industrialització d’Algèria, doncs, va ser decebedora pel que fa a resultats i impacte econòmics. Aquest fracàs es percep sovint com un dels principals orígens de la crisi política, social i econòmica a què s’enfronta el país des de fa més d’una dècada. Les nostres evidències suggereixen que el redisseny d’una estratègia de creixement i industrialització hauria de reflectir millor l’estructura de dotacions i el nivell de desenvolupament algerians. De fet, una de les millors maneres d’aconseguir que Algèria tingui un creixement econòmic elevat i sostingut és mantenir una coherència entre una economia de base àmplia i industrial i l’avantatge comparatiu del país.
Descàrregues
Referències
Begga, Chérif, and Abdelhamid Merghit .2014,’Attempts to Industrial Reforms in Algeria: Do they fit the Logic of Globalization?', Topics in Middle Eastern and African Economies, 16: 96-113.
Benachenhou, Ahmed .1993. ’Algeria’. In Technological Transformation in the Third World: Volume II Africa, edited by Surendra Patel, 1-94. New York: United Nations University.
Bennoune, Mahfoud.1988. The Making of Contemporary Algeria, 1830-1987. Colonial Upheavals and Post-Independence Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bernis (de), Gérard. 1966. ’Les progrès des concepts économiques conditionnent les progrès de la mesure. Sur un nouveau livre de François Perroux’, Tiers Monde, 26: 395-408.
Bernis (de), Gérard. 1971. ’Les Industries Industrialisantes et les Options Algériennes’, Tiers Monde, 47: 530-570.
Boucetta, Samia. 2016. ’Identity and Hydrocarbons in Algeria’. In Algeria Modern: From Opacity to Complexity, edited by Luis Martinez, and Rasmus Boserup, 42-70. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Das, Dilip. 2015. An Enquiry into the Asian Growth Model. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Dutt, Amitava. 2019. ‘Structuralists, Structures, and Economic Development’. In The Palgrave Handbook of Development Economics: Critical Reflections on Globalisation and Development?, edited by Machiko Nissanke and José Antonio Ocampo, 109-141. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jomo, Sundaram. 2019. ‘What Should Africa Learn from East Asian Development?’ In Quality of Growth in Africa, edited by Ravi Kanbur, Akbar Noman and Joseph Stiglitz, 146-176. New York: Columbia University Press.
Ju, Jiandong. Lin, Justin, and Yong Wang. 2015. ’Endowment Structures, Industrial Dynamics, and Economic Growth’, Journal of Monetary Economics, 76: 244–263.
Haouas, Amine. Anis Ochi, and Mohammed Labidi. 2021. ’Sources of Algeria’s Economic Growth, 1979-2019: An Augmented Growth Accounting Framework and Growth Regression Method’, Regional Science Policy and Practice, 13:1-19.
Hill, Jonathan. 2009. Identity in Algerian politics: The legacy of colonial rule. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Hirschman, Albert. 1958. The Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
Hobday, Mike. 2013. ’Learning from Asia’s Success: Beyond Simplistic "Lesson-Making"'. In Pathways to Industrialization in the Twenty-First Century New Challenges and Emerging Paradigms, edited by Adam Szirmai, Wim Naudé and Ludovico Alcorta, 131-154. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gereffi, Gary. 1990. ’Paths of Industrialization: An Overview’. In Manufacturing Miracles Paths of Industrialization in Latin America and East Asia, edited by Gary Gereffi and David Wayman, 3-31. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Kim, Jongil. 2014. ‘Designing Industrial Development Strategy for Next Five-year Plan.’ In Knowledge Sharing Project with Algeria: Policy Consultation for Securing Fiscal Sustainability and Stability in Algeria. Korea Development Institute.
Laouisset, Djamel Eddine. 2011. The Algerian steel industry growth decade: 1968-1978. Hauppauge NY: Nova Science Publishers.
Lawless, Richard. 1984. ’Algeria: The Contradictions of Rapid Industrialization’. In North Africa: Contemporary Politics and Economic Development, edited by Richard Lawless and Allan Findlay, 153-90. New York: Croom Helms.
Lin, Justin. 2009. Economic Development and Transition: Thought, Strategy, and Viability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lin, Justin. 2012a. New structural economics. A framework for rethinking development and policy. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Lin, Justin. 2012b. The Quest for Prosperity: How Developing Economies Can Take Off. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Lin, Justin. 2013. ’From Flying Geese to Leading Dragons: New Opportunities and Strategies for Structural Transformation in Developing Countries’. In The Industrial Policy Revolution II: Africa in the 21st Century, edited by Joseph Stiglitz, Justin Lin and Surendra Patel, 50–72. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lin, Justin. 2017. ’Industrial Policies for Avoiding the Middle-income Trap: A New Structural Economics Perspective’, Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 15: 5–18.
Lin, Justin. 2021. ’Economic Development, Transition, and New Structural Economics’. In The Palgrave Handbook of Comparative Economics, edited by Elodie Douarin and Oleh Havrylyshyn, 545–560. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lin, Justin, and Yong Wang. 2017. Going Beyond Aid: Development Cooperation for Structural Transformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lin, Justin and Jun Zhang. 2019. ’China: Learning to Catch up in a Globalized World’. In How Nations Learn Technological Learning, Industrial Policy, and Catch-up, edited by Arkebe Oqubay and Kenichi Ohno, 149-172. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lin, Justin, and Ha-Joon Chang. 2009. ’Should industrial policy in developing countries conform to comparative advantage or defy it? A debate between Justin Lin and Ha-Joon Chang’, Development Policy Review, 27:483-502.
Lowi, Miriam. 2009. Oil Wealth and the Poverty of Politics: Algeria Compared. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Magland, Francesco and Beatrice Rangel-Mantilla. 1982. ’Quo vadis, Algeria? Evaluation of a development model’, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, 49:179-206.
Metz, Helen. 1994. Algeria: a country study, 5th ed. Washington DC: Library of Congress.
Naughton, Barry. 2018. The Chinese economy: adaptation and growth. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.
Perroux, François.1963. Problèmes de l'Algérie Indépendante. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Office Nationale des Statistiques (ONS), Statistical Retrospective (1962 – 2011).
Rosenstein-Rodan, Paul. 1943. ’Problems of industrialization of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe’, Economic Journal, 53: 202–211.
Ruedy, John .2005. Modern Algeria: the origins and development of a nation. 2nd ed. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Saad, Mohammed, Hakim Meliani, and Mahfoud Benosman. 2004. ’The Tortuous and Uncompleted Privatisation Process in Algeria’. In Transition and Development in Algeria: Economic, Social, and Cultural Challenges, edited by Margaret Majumdar and Mohammed Saad, 17-28. UK : Intellect TM.
Sid Ahmed, Abdelkader. 1990. Économie de l'industrialisation à partir des ressources naturelles. Paris: Publisud.
Stiglitz, Joseph. 2021. ’From Manufacturing-Led Export Growth to a Twenty-First Century Inclusive Growth Strategy: Explaining the Demise of a Successful Growth Model and What to Do about It’. In Inequality in the Developing World, edited by Carlos Gradín, Murray Leibbrandt and Finn Tarp, 287-318. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Talahite, Fatiha. 2016. ’Désindustrialisation et industrialisation en Algérie. Le rocher de Sisyphe’, Outre-Terre, 2 :130-151.
Talahite, Fatiha. 2018. 'Industrialisation de l’Algérie : l’obstacle des droits de propriété'. Afrique contemporaine, 266:131-150.
Temmar, Hamid. 2015. L’économie de l’Algérie : Les strategies de développement. Alger: OPU.
Wade, Robert. 1990. Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of the Government in East Asia Industrialization. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
World Bank Group. (n.d.). World Bank Open Data [Data set]. (https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators).
Xiaoyang, Tang .2019. ‘New Structural Economics: A first attempt at theoretical reflections on China–Africa engagement and its limitations’. In New Directions in Africa–China Studies, edited by Chris Alden and Daniel Large, 290-297. London: Routledge.
Yu, Miaojie. 2020. Trade Openness and China’s Economic Development. London: Routledge.
Zhang, Qizi, and Hao Li. 2018. ‘Industrial Policy Design’. In Transforming Economic Growth and China’s Industrial Upgrading, edited by Qizi Zhang, 179-196. Berlin: Springer.
Zoubir, Yahia, and Ahmed Aghrout. 2012. ’Algeria’s Path to Reform: Authentic Change?’ Middle East Policy, 19: 66-83.
Descàrregues
Publicades
Com citar
Número
Secció
Llicència
Drets d'autor (c) 2023 Revista de Historia Industrial
Aquesta obra està sota una llicència internacional Creative Commons Reconeixement 4.0.
The author assigns all rights to the publisher. Creative Commons
The author who publishes in this journal agrees to the following terms:
- The author assigns all intellectual property rights exclusively to the publisher for the entire duration of the applicable intellectual property rights.
- The publisher will distribute the texts under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows others to share the work, provided that they acknowledge the authorship, its initial publication in this journal, and the conditions of the license.
