Shining Alone. Analysing Online Visibility as an Asset of the Entrepreneurial Subject

Authors

  • Javier Zamora García Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1344/oxi.2019.i14.26766

Keywords:

Self-branding, neoliberalism, web 2.0, (Michel) Foucault, subjectiva-tion

Abstract

The present work explores under which conditions it is possible to claim that the web 2.0 is fostering the development of neoliberal subjectivities. To this end, the first part is devoted to examining some arguments that hold this position in the field of Internet Studies. Based on these arguments it is proposed that, even if it is possible to link the design of some digital social networks with key elements of neoliberalism, it is necessary to pin down the specific sense of a power relation. The second part of this article explains how a Foucauldian Neoliberalism Studies might offer a theoretical apparatus to solve these problems. Finally, some of the limits of this model are suggested, as well as future lines of enquiry.

References

ARVIDSSON, Adam y COLLEONI, Elanor (2012). “Value in Informational Capitalism and on the Internet. The Information Society: An International Journal, 28 (3), pp. 135 – 150.

BANDINELLI, Carolina y ARVIDSSON, Adam (2012). “Brand Yourself a Changemaker!”. Journal of Macromarketing, 33 (1), pp. 67 – 71.

BENENTE, Mauro (2015). “Ideología y crítica en Michel Foucault. La cuestión del sujeto”. Praxis Filosófica Nueva serie, 40, enero junio, pp. 183 – 206.

BOLTANSKI, Luc y CHIAPELLO, Éve (2002). El nuevo espíritu del capitalismo. Madrid: Akal.

BUTLER, Judith (2001a). “¿Qué es la crítica? Un ensayo sobre la virtud de Foucault”: Instituto Europeo para Políticas Culturales Progresivas. Disponible en: http://eipcp.net/transversal/0806/butler/es [Consultado 05-11-2018].

BUTLER, Judith (2001b). Mecanismos psíquicos del poder. Teorías sobre la sujeción. Madrid: Ediciones Cátedra.

BUTLER, Judith (2007). El género en disputa. El feminismo y la subversión de la identidad. Barcelona: Paidós.

BUTLER, Judith (2009). Dar cuenta de sí mismo. Violencia ética y responsabilidad. Buenos Aires/Madrid: Amorrortu.

BROWN, Wendy (2015). El pueblo sin atributos. La secreta revolución del neoliberalismo. Barcelona: Malpaso Ediciones.

CADAHIA, Luciana y BLENGINO, Luis (2018). “Pueblo y heterogeneidad: claves para una gubernamentalidad popular”. En VILLACAÑAS BERLANGA, José Luis y CASTRO ORELLANA, Rodrigo (eds.). Foucault y la historia de la filosofía. Madrid: Dado Ediciones, pp. 419 – 440.

CHIAPELLO, Ève (2003). “Reconciling the Two Principal Meanings of the Notion of Ideology The Example of the Concept of the ‘Spirit of Capitalism’”. European Journal of Social Theory, 6 (2), pp. 155 – 171.

CONRAD MURRAY, Derek (2015). “Notes to self: the visual culture of selfies in the age of social media”. Consumption Markets & Culture, 18 (6), pp. 490 – 516.

CHOULIARAKI, Lilie (2010). “Self-mediation: new media and citizenship”. Critical Discourse Studies, 7 (4), pp. 227 – 232.

DEBORD, Guy (1999). La sociedad del espectáculo. Valencia: Pre-textos.

DOMÍNGUEZ SÁNCHEZ, Mario (2018). “Los usos políticos de Michel Foucault. Crítica de la filosofía política, liberalismo y ética”. En VILLACAÑAS BERLANGA, José Luis y CASTRO ORELLANA, Rodrigo (eds.). Foucault y la historia de la filosofía. Madrid: Dado Ediciones, pp. 305 – 368.

FEHER, Michel (2009). “Self-Appreciation; or The Aspirations of Human Capital”. Public Culture, 21 (1), pp. 21 – 41.

FOUCAULT, Michel (1994). “¿Qué es la ilustración? [Qu’est-ce que les Lumières?]”, Actual, 28, pp. 1 – 17.

FOUCAULT, Michel (1995). “¿Qué es la crítica? [Crítica y Aufklärung]”, Daimon, Revista de Filosofía, 11, pp. 5 – 25.

FOUCAULT, Michel (1998). “El sujeto y el poder”. Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 50 (3), pp. 3 – 20.

FOUCAULT, Michel (2009). Nacimiento de la biopolítica: curso en el Collège de France (1978-1979). Madrid: Akal.

FREEDEN, Michael (1996). Ideologies and Political Theory. A conceptual approach. New York: Oxford University Press.

FUCHS, Christian (2010). “Labor in Informational Capitalism and on the Internet”. The Information Society: An International Journal, 26, pp. 179 – 196.

FUCHS, Christian (2013). “With or Without Marx? With or Without Capitalism? A Rejoinder to Adam Arvidsson and Eleanor Colleoni”, tripleC, 10(2), pp. 2012.

FUCHS, Christian and SANDOVAL, Marisol (2014). “Digital Workers of the World Unite! A Framework for Critically Theorising and Analysing Digital Labour”, tripleC, 12(2), pp. 486 – 563.

FUCHS, Christian and SEVIGNANI, Sebastian (2013). “What is Digital Labour? What is Digital Work? What’s their Difference? And why do these Questions Matter for Understanding Social Media?”, tripleC, 11(2), pp. 237 – 293.

HAN, Byung-Chul (2013). La sociedad de la transparencia. Barcelona: Herder.

HEARN, Alison (2008). “‘Meat, Mask, Burden’. Probing the contours of the branded ‘self’”. Journal of Consumer Culture. 8 (2), pp. 163 – 183.

HEARN, Alison (2017). “Verified: Self-presentation, identity management and selfhood in the age of big data”. Popular Communication, 15 (2), pp. 62 – 77.

HEARN, Alison y SCHOENHOFF, Stephanie (2016). “From Celebrity to Influence: Tracing the Diffusion of Celebrity Value across the Data Stream”. En MARSHALL: David y REDMOND, Sean (eds.). A Companion to Celebrity. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 194 – 212.

IQANI, Mehita y SCHROEDER, Jonathan E. (2016). “#selfie: digital self-portraits as commodity form and consumption practice”. Consumption Markets & Culture, 19 (5), pp. 405 – 415.

KHAMIS, Susie ANG, Lawrence y WELLING, Raymond (2017). “Self-branding, ‘micro-celebrity’ and the rise of Social Media Influencers”. Celebrity Studies, 8 (2), pp. 191 – 208.

KUEHN, Kathleen y CORRIGAN, Thomas F. (2013). “Hope Labor: The Role of Employment Prospects in Online Social Production. The Political Economy of Communication, 1(1), pp. 9 – 25.

LAVAL, Christian. y DARDOT, Pierre (2013). La nueva razón del mundo. Ensayo sobre la sociedad neoliberal. Barcelona: Gedisa.

LAZZARATO, Maurizio (2013). La fábrica del hombre endeudado. Ensayo sobre la condición neoliberal. Buenos Aires/Madrid: Amorrortu.

LEMES DE CASTRO, Julio Cesar (2016). “Social networks as dispositives of neoliberal governmentality”. Journal of Media Critiques, 2 (7), pp. 85 – 101.

LÓPEZ ÁLVAREZ, Pablo (2016). “Sigue cierta algarabía. Foucault, el neoliberalismo y nosotros”. En CASTRO ORELLANA, Rodrigo. y SALINAS ARAYA, Adán (eds.). La actualidad de Michel Foucault. Madrid: Escolar y mayo, pp. 231 – 254.

MARWICK, Alice E. (2015). “Instafame: Luxury Selfies in the Attention Economy”. Public Culture, 27 (1), pp. 137 – 159.

MARWICK, Alice E. (2016). “You May Know Me from Youtube. (Micro-)Celebrity in Social Media”. En MARSHALL: David y REDMOND, Sean (eds.). A Companion to Celebrity. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 194 – 212.

NAVARRO RUIZ, Clara (2015). “Efectos de subjetivación y ‘sí mismo’. Modificaciones en la ontología crítica del presente de Michel Foucault”. III Congreso “La actualidad de Michel Foucault”. Madrid, 6-8 mayo 2015.

PAGE, Ruth (2012). “The linguistics of self-branding and micro-celebrity in Twitter: the role of hashtags”. Discourse & Communication, 6 (2), pp. 181 – 201.

PETERS, Tom (1997). “The Brand Called You”. Fast Company, 31 de agosto. Disponible en: https://www.fastcompany.com/28905/brand-called-you [Consultado 05-11-2018].

RANCIÈRE, Jacques (2011). “La política no es coextensiva ni a la vida ni al Estado”, en RANCIÈRE, Jacques, El tiempo de la igualdad. Diálogos sobre política y estética. Barcelona: Herder.

READ, Jason. (2003). The Micro-Politics of Capital. Marx and the Prehistory of the Present. Albany: State University of New York Press.

RICOEUR, Paul (1986). Lectures on Ideology and Utopia, George E. Taylor (ed.). New York: Columbia University Press.

SENFT, Theresa (2013). “Microcelebrity and the branded self”. En HARTLEY, John; BURGESS, Jean y BRUNS, Axel (eds.). A Companion to New Media Dynamics. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.

SMITH, Adam (1958). Investigación sobre la naturaleza y causas de la riqueza de las naciones. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.

SRNICEK, Nick (2017). Platform capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press.

TIIDENBERG, Katrin y GÓMEZ CRUZ, Edgar (2015). “Selfies, Image and Re-making of the Body”. Body and Society, 21 (4), pp. 1 – 26.

TURNER, Graeme (2006). “The mass production of celebrity. ‘Celetoids’, reality TV and the ‘demotic turn’”. International journal of Cultural Studies, 9 (2), pp. 153 – 165.

WERNICK, Andrew (1991). Promotional culture. Advertising, ideology and symbolic expression. London: Sage Publications.

ZAJC, Melita (2015). “The Social Media Dispositive and Monetization of User-Generated Consent” The Information Society, 31 (1), pp. 61 – 67.

ZAFRA, Remedios (2015). Ojos y capital. Bilbao: Consonni.

ZAFRA, Remedios (2017). El entusiasmo. Precariedad y trabajo creativo en la era digital. Barcelona: Anagrama.

ŽIŽEK, Slavoj (ed.). (1994). Mapping ideology, London/New York: Verso.

Published

2019-01-08

How to Cite

Zamora García, J. (2019). Shining Alone. Analysing Online Visibility as an Asset of the Entrepreneurial Subject. OXIMORA International Journal of Ethics and Politics, (14), 61–77. https://doi.org/10.1344/oxi.2019.i14.26766