Mass occurrence of planktic dendroid graptolite synrhabdosomes (Calyxdendrum) from the Early Ordovician Fezouata biota of Morocco
Graptolite synrhabdosomes Fezouata biota
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/GeologicaActa2024.22.4Keywords:
Ordovician, Konservat-Lagerstätte, Morocco, Planktic dendroids, SynrhabdosomesAbstract
The genus Calyxdendrum is here revised to include planktic dendroid graptolites from the Ordovician (Tremadocian to Sandbian). The mass occurrence of Calyxdendrum amicabilis n. sp. from the Fezouata biota represents one of the few occurrences of synrhabdosomes of dendroid morphology that have ever been discovered. Composite structures, formed from about four to six slender, conical tubaria of the species appear as umbrella-shaped synrhabdosomes. In these, the individual tubaria are connected by their short nemata forming an irregularly shaped proximal membrane. The species is found in the late Tremadocian Sagenograptus murrayi Biozone of the Bou Izargane section in the Ternata plain north of Zagora, Morocco. The mass occurrence is interpreted to represent planktic dendroid colonies transported by low velocity currents or moving actively into different water regions on a wide shallow shelf region. They settled in the “soupy” soft sediment, where they were subsequently compacted in the now lithified mudstone. Planktic dendroids of the genus Calyxdendrum are so far known exclusively from the peri-Gondwana region, but may prove to show a wider biogeographical distribution when better known.
Resumen
El género Calyxdendrum se revisa aquí para incluir graptolitos dendroides planctónicos del Ordovícico (Tremadociano a Sandbiano). La presencia masiva de Calyxdendrum amicabilis n. sp. en la biota de Fezouata representa una de las pocas apariciones de sinrabdosomas de morfología dendroide que se han descubierto. Las estructuras compuestas, formadas por alrededor de cuatro a seis tubarios cónicos delgados de la especie, aparecen como sinrabdosomas en forma de paraguas. En estos, los tubarios individuales están conectados por sus nemas cortos formando una membrana proximal de forma irregular. La especie se encuentra en la biozona de Sagenograptus murrayi del Tremadociano tardío de la sección Bou Izargane en la llanura de Ternata al norte de Zagora, Marruecos. La ocurrencia masiva se interpreta como una representación de colonias planctónicas de dendroides transportadas por corrientes de baja velocidad o moviéndose activamente hacia diferentes regiones de agua en una amplia región de plataforma poco profunda. Se asentaron en el sedimento blando "espeso", donde posteriormente se compactaron en la lutita ahora litificada. Los dendroides planctónicos del género Calyxdendrum se conocen hasta ahora exclusivamente en la región peri-Gondwana, pero podrían mostrar una distribución biogeográfica más amplia cuando se conozcan mejor.
Palabras clave: Ordovícico. Konservat-Lagerstätte. Marruecos. Dendroides planctónicos. Sinrabdosomas.
Resum
El gènere Calyxdendrum es revisa aquí per incloure graptolits dendroides planctònics de l'Ordovicià (Tremadocià a Sandbià). L'aparició massiva de Calyxdendrum amicabilis n. sp. a la biota de Fezouata representa una de les poques aparicions de sinrabosomes de morfologia dendroide que s'han descobert. Les estructures compostes, formades d'uns quatre a sis tubaris esvelts i cònics de l'espècie, apareixen com a sinrabosomes en forma de paraigua. En aquests, els tubàris individuals estan connectats per les seves nemes curtes formant una membrana proximal de forma irregular. L'espècie es troba a la biozona de Sagenograptus murrayi de la secció de Bou Izargane a la plana de Ternata al nord de Zagora, Marroc. S'interpreta que l'aparició massiva representa colònies de dendroides planctònics transportats per corrents de baixa velocitat o movent-se activament a diferents regions d'aigua en una àmplia regió de plataforma poc profunda. Es van instal·lar al sediment tou "caldós", on posteriorment es van compactar al fang ara litificat. Els dendroides planctònics del gènere Calyxdendrum es coneixen fins ara exclusivament a la regió peri-Gondwana, però podrien mostrar una distribució biogeogràfica més àmplia quan es coneixin millor.
Paraules clau: Ordovicià. Konservat-lagerstätte. El Marroc. Dendroides plànctònics. Sinrabdosomes.
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