Industrialized labour and social praxis: the republican-democratic imprint on Marx's critique of Political Economy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/CLIVATGE2022.10.10Keywords:
Democratic republicanism, Karl Marx, wage labour, Political EconomyAbstract
Two of the most debated issues on republican tradition focus on the historical-normative link with democracy and with labour relations. However, the most popular academic account of this tradition, neo-republicanism, ignores the conceptual richness of the democratic poleis, particularly Athens, in which both issues come together. This article examines some aspects of Aristotle's arguments about natural slavery, virtue, and labour, in the context of an active mobilization of the demos that confronted in practice the demophobic attacks on free labour. After the dissolution of the constitutive foundations of this context, a series of ontological-social and political-ethical abstractions proliferated, first through Stoicism and then through Christianity, giving rise to atomistic assumptions in social thought. The critique of Karl Marx's Political Economy is heir to a democratic tradition that problematizes the social dynamics underlying these assumptions, and he integrates them into its analysis of the socio-institutional articulation of class struggle in the process of industrialization. The revision of categories and the dynamics analysed by Marx refer to the conditions of possibility and revolutionary consciousness needed to carry out new constitutive bases for political virtue, reorganizing productive activity to foster deliberation.
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