A comparative analysis of print and digital media in the news about the 2011 Chilean student movement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/CLIVATGE2024.12.1Keywords:
written media, framing, news production, online media, social conflictsAbstract
This article analyzes the levels of heterogeneity and pluralism of the printed and digital press in Chile by comparing coverage of the student movement of 2011, considered one of the most significant social conflicts in the country in recent times. The study examines and contrasts the composition of the sources and the frames used in the news headlines about this situation in a context where Chilean media generally tend towards uniformity in their content.
References
- Aalberg, T., Van Aelst, P., & Curran, J. (2010). Media systems and the political information environment: A cross-national comparison. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 15(3), 255-271.
- Apreza, S. (2005). Concentración de medios de comunicación versus pluralismo informativo externo. Salamanca, Spain: Universidad de Salamanca, Law Department.
- Aruguete, N. (2010). Los encuadres noticiosos en los medios argentinos. Un análisis de la privatización de ENTEL. América Latina Hoy, 54.
- Avendaño, O. (2014). Fracturas y representación política en el movimiento estudiantil: Chile 2011. Ultima década, 22(41), 41-68.
- Avedaño, O. & Osorio Rauld, N. (2021). Propuestas de cambio y debilidad institucional en Chile: De la revuelta social (2019) al inicio del funcionamiento de la Convención Constitucional (2021). Revista de Ciencias Sociales Ambos Mundos, (2), 7-18. https://doi.org/10.14198/ambos.20978
- Baker, C. E. (2001). Media, markets, and democracy. Cambridge University Press.
- Barnhurst, K. & Nerone, J. (2001). The form of news. A History, Guilford: New York.
- Battaggion, M. R., & Vaglio, A. (2012). The market for news: a demand-oriented analysis. Economia politica, 29(1), 81-110.
- Beckers, K., Masini, A., Sevenans, J., van der Burg, M., De Smedt, J., Van den Bulck, H., & Walgrave, S. (2019). Are newspapers’ news stories becoming more alike? Media content diversity in Belgium, 1983–2013. Journalism, 20(12), 1665-1683.
- Bell, A. (1991). The language of news media (pp. 84-85). Oxford: Blackwell.
- Berkowitz, D., & Beach, D. W. (1993). News sources and news context: The effect of routine news, conflict, and proximity. Journalism Quarterly, 70(1), 4-12.
- Casero-Ripollés, A., & López-Rabadán, P. (2012). La evolución del uso de fuentes informativas en el periodismo español. In Comunicació i risc: III Congrés Internacional Associació Espanyola d'Investigació de la Comunicació (p. 135). Universitat Rovira i Virgili.
- Comisión Nacional de Televisión-CNTV. (2016). Debate: Concentración de Medios en la Industria Televisiva Chilena. https://www.cntv.cl/debate-concentracion-de-medios-en-la-industria-televisiva-chilena/cntv/2016-11-29/122746.html
- Curran, J., Iyengar, S., Brink Lund, A., & Salovaara-Moring, I. (2009). Media system, public knowledge and democracy: A comparative study. European journal of communication, 24(1), 5-26.
- Curran, J. (2011). Media and democracy. Routledge.
- Davies, N. (2008). Flat earth news: An award-winning reporter exposes falsehood. Distortion and Propaganda in the Global Media, London, Chatto and Windus.
- De Vreese, C., Peter, J., & Semetko, H. A. (2001). Framing politics at the launch of the euro: A cross-national comparative study of frames in the news. Political Communication, 18(2), 107-122.
- Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1994). The changing culture of affirmative action. Equal employment opportunity: labor market discrimination and public policy, 3, 373-394.
- De Vreese, C., & Boomgaarden, H. (2003). Valenced news frames and public support for the EU. Communications, 28(4), 361-381.
- Díaz, M., & Mellado, C. (2017). Agenda y uso de fuentes en los titulares y noticias centrales de los medios informativos chilenos. Un estudio de la prensa impresa, online, radio y televisión. Cuadernos. info, (40), 107-121.
- Dimitrova, D. V., & Strömbäck, J. (2009). The conditionality of source use: Comparing source use in US and Swedish television news. Journal of Global Mass Communication, 2(1/2), 149.
- Entman, R. M. (1991). Framing US coverage of international news: Contrasts in narratives of the KAL and Iran Air incidents. Journal of communication, 41(4), 6-27.
- George, L., & Waldfogel, J. (2003). Who affects whom in daily newspaper markets?. Journal of Political Economy, 111(4), 765-784.
- Ghanem, S. I. & McCombs, M. (2001). The convergence of agenda setting and framing. In Framing public life (pp. 83-98). Routledge.
- Gillmor, D. (2006). We the media: Grassroots journalism by the people, for the people. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.".
- Godoy, S., & Gronemeyer, M. E. (2012). Mapping digital media: Chile. A report by the Open Society Foundations London, UK: Open Society Media Program.
- Gomis, L. (2008). Teoría de los géneros periodísticos (Vol. 1). Editorial UOC.
- Gronemeyer, M. E., & Porath, W. (2015). A study on homogeneity between editorials and news sources opinions in the Chilean reference press. Cuadernos. info, 36, 139-153.
- Gronemeyer, M. E., & Porath, W. (2017). Framing political news in the Chilean press: The persistence of the conflict frame. International Journal of Communication, 11, 24.
- Gronemeyer, M. E. (2017). El testeo de instrumentos de análisis de encuadres periodísticos en seis diarios chilenos. Chasqui: Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación, (135), 401-418.
- Habermas J (1984) The Theory of Communicative Action (Two Volumes). Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Habermas, J. (2009). ¡Ay, Europa! trad. cast. JL López, P. Madrigal y J. Gil, Trotta, Madrid.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Uppersaddle River.
- Hallin, D. & Mancini, P. (2004) Sistemas Mediáticos Comparados. Hacer Editorial. Barcelona. 2004.
- Hendrickx, J., & Ranaivoson, H. (2021). Why and how higher media concentration equals lower news diversity–The Mediahuis case. Journalism, 22(11), 2800-2815.
- Hinton, P. R., McMurray, I., & Brownlow, C. (2014). SPSS explained. Routledge.
- Humanes, M. L., & Fernández, I. (2015). Pluralismo informativo y medios públicos. Lainvolución de TVE en el contexto del cambio político (2012-2013). Revista latina de comunicación social, (70), 270-287.
- Igartua, J. J., & Humanes, M. L. (2004). El método científico aplicado a la investigación en comunicación social. Journal of health communication, 8(6), 513-528.
- Igartua, J. J., & Muñiz, C. (2004). Encuadres noticiosos e inmigración: un análisis de contenido de la prensa y televisión españolas.
- Korpi, W. (1998). Power resources approach vs. action and conflict: On causal and intentional explanations in the study of power. Power Resource ant the Welfare State: A Critical Approach, 37-69.
- London, S. (1993). How the media frames political issues. Scott London.
- Maher, T. M. (2001). Framing: an emerging paradigm or a phase of agenda setting?. In Framing public life (pp. 99-110). Routledge.
- McCombs, M. (2005). A look at agenda-setting: Past, present and future. Journalism studies, 6(4), 543-557.
- McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochemia medica: Biochemia medica, 22(3), 276-282.
- Mellado, C., & Van Dalen, A. (2014). Between rhetoric and practice: Explaining the gap between role conception and performance in journalism. Journalism Studies, 15(6), 859-878.
- Messner, M., & Distaso, M. W. (2008). The source cycle: How traditional media and weblogs use each other as sources. Journalism studies, 9(3), 447-463.
- Moreno, P. (2000). Los géneros periodísticos informativos en la actualidad internacional. Ámbitos. Revista Internacional de Comunicación, (5), 169-190.
- Napoli, P. M. (1999). Deconstructing the diversity principle. Journal of communication, 49(4), 7-34.
- Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Kalogeropoulos, A., Levy, D. A., & Nielsen, R. K. (2018) Reuters Institute digital news report 2018.
- Pedhazur, E. J., & Schmelkin, L. P. (2013). Measurement, design, and analysis: An integrated approach. Psychology press.
- Pellegrini, S., & Mujica, M. C. (2006). Valor Agregado Periodístico (VAP): la calidad periodística como factor productivo en un entorno medial complejo. Palabra Clave, 9(1), 1.
- Powers, A., & Fico, F. (1994). Influences on use of sources at large US newspapers. Newspaper Research Journal, 15(4), 87-97.
- Powers, M., & Benson, R. (2014). Is the Internet homogenizing or diversifying the news? External pluralism in the US, Danish, and French press. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 19(2), 246-265.
- Prior, M. (2007). Post-broadcast democracy: How media choice increases inequality in political involvement and polarizes elections. Cambridge University Press.
- Reese, S. D., & Danielian, L. H. (1989). Intermedia influence and the drug issue. Communication campaigns about drugs: Government, media, and the public, 29-46.
- Reich, Z. (2009). Sourcing the news: key issues in journalism–an innovative study of the Israeli press. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
- Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of communication, 50(2), 93-109.
- Shoemaker, P. & Reese, S. (1991) Mediating the Message: theories of influences on mass media content, New York: Longman.
- Scheufele, D. A., & Tewksbury, D. (2007). Framing, agenda setting, and priming: The evolution of three media effects models. Journal of communication, 57(1), 9-20.
- Soloski, J. (1989). Sources and channels of local news. Journalism Quarterly, 66(4), 864-870.
- Song, Y. (2007). Internet news media and issue development: A case study on the roles of independent online news services as agenda-builders for anti-US protests in South Korea. new media & society, 9(1), 71-92.
- Sunkel, G., & Geoffroy, E. (2002). Concentración económica de los medios de comunicación.: Peculiaridades del caso chileno. Revista Comunicación y Medios, (13), 135-150.
- Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York: Free Press.
- Valenzuela, S., & Arriagada, A. (2009). Competencia por la uniformidad en noticieros y diarios chilenos 2000-2005. Cuadernos. info, (24), 41-52.
- Valida (2017). Boletín de circulación y lectura de diario y revistas primer semestre de 2017. Recuperado de http://www.valida-chile.cl/categorias-estudios/boletines/.
- Van Dijk, T. A. (1980). Algunas notas sobre la ideología y la teoría del discurso.
- Van Dijk, T. A., & Gal, G. (1990). La noticia como discurso: comprensión, estructura y producción de la información (pp. 21-260). Barcelona: Paidós.
- Zoch, L. M., & Turk, J. V. (1998). Women making news: Gender as a variable in source selection and use. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 75(4), 762-775.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Nicolás Marticorena Pérez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
AUTHORS RETAIN COPYRIGHT. CREATIVE COMMONS
The authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms
- The authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication of the work, which will be disseminated following the Creative Commons Attribution license.
- Authors are free to establish additional independent contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (such as publication in an institutional or thematic repository, their personal website or a book), provided have your initial publication in this journal recognized.
- Texts will be published under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work, provided they include an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship, its initial publication in this journal and the terms of the license.
- Self-archiving of pre-print and post-print versions is allowed.
