MASSIVE SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND PROCESSES NOT INTENDED
Keywords:
massive social movements, counter-movement, democracy, conservative reaction, electionsAbstract
This study examines the massive social movements that occurred in Egypt and Spain in 2011 and in Turkey and Brazil in 2013. All of them have been analyzed based on their democratic political imaginary, their level or degree of spontaneity, their actors and issues heterogeneous composition and the electoral confrontation. These events are part of a larger wave of global struggles, share the mass use of social networks, present heterogeneous ideological features, call for better public services and, above all, ask for a more participatory democratic model which actually represents citizens.
These social movements are analyzed in their spaces, times and contexts in which they were embedded, through events chronologies and their processes. For their precise contextualization, we have exposed the democratic trajectory of each country and its socio-economic situation. After comparing the political and electoral consequences of the cases presented here, we conclude that there is a rightist wave and a deepening of conservative policies in those societies.
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