Popular Speech Sources of the Figurative Language of Russian

Resumen

The Russian literary language, like all European literary languages, is a complex system, a kind of "melting pot" in which the most diverse elements have merged: "The Own and the Foreign", "The New and the Old", "The Codified and the Uncodified", "The Literary and the Colloquial (resp. Common)“, "The General and the Special", etc. The study of each of these layers in their historical retrospective and perspective affords to understand both the general patterns of the development of the Russian literary language and its specificity on the general European background. For the history of the Russian language, the interaction between the literary and colloquial elements is especially topical; the quantitative and qualitative proportions were different at different times of its development. The article examines the influence of popular speech on the Russian literary language of the era of its national flowering of the early XIX century. The analysis of known figurative expressions of the classics of this time (I.A. Krylov, A.S. Griboyedov and A.S. Pushkin) is offered.. The origins of such expressions are revealed on the material of the "Full phraseological dictionary of Russian folk dialects.", compiled by the author and co-authors (T.G. Nikitina and E.K. Nikolaeva)