Corpus based prosodic variation in Basque: Y/N questions marked with the particle al
Keywords:
linguistic corpus, Basque language, prosody, socio-politic variation, geo-prosodic variationAbstract
This paper describes the intonational variation between two generations in three different localities of the Basque Country, using data recorded and organized in the EDAK corpus (Dialectal oral corpus of the Basque language) and analysing the usage of just one type of sentence, namely y/n questions. In the selected localities, there are two morphological ways of constructing this type of sentence: using the morphological marker al before the verb (or between the verb and the auxiliary) or not using it. First, we identify the phonological patterns that exist in these localities. Then, we analyse intergenerational variation, according to the five different phonological patterns found. Finally, we study the geo-prosodic variation which exists between older and younger people from these localities.
References
AURREKOETXEA, G. (2008): «Sociolinguistic Variation in Dima Basque», Euska-lingua, 12, pp. 17-26.
www.mendebalde.com. [1/12/2011]
AURREKOETXEA, G. (2010): «Sociolinguistic and Geolinguistic Variation in the Basque language», Slavia Centralis, 2010, 1, pp. 88-100.
AURREKOETXEA, G. and A. IGLESIAS (2010): «Technology for Prosodic Variation in the EDAK corpus», in G. Aurrekoetxea and J. L. Ormaetxea (eds.): Tools for Linguistic Variation, Bilbao, University of the Basque Country Press, pp. 207-229.
AURREKOETXEA, G.; J. SÁNCHEZ and I. ODRIOZOLA (2009): «EDAK: A Corpus to Analyse Linguistic Variation», in P. Cantos Gómez and A. Sánchez Pérez (eds.): A Survey on Corpus-based Research. Panorama de investigaciones basadas en corpus, Murcia, Asociación Española de Lingüística del Corpus, pp. 489-503.
CARRERA, J.; C. VAN OOSTERZEE; A. M. FERNÁNDEZ PLANAS; L. ROMERA BARRIOS; J. ESPUNY MONSERRAT and E. MARTÍNEZ CELDRÁN (2004): «Les interrogatives al tortosí i al lleidatà. Un element diferenciador de subdialectos», Estudios de fonética experimental, XIII, pp. 157-179.
CONTINI, M.; J. P. LAI; A. ROMANO; S. ROULLET; L. DE CASTRO MOUTINHO, R. L. COIMBRA; U. PEREIRA BENDIHA and S. S. RUIVO (2002): «Un Projet d’Atlas Multimédia Prosodique de l’Espace Roman», in B. Bel and I. Marlien (eds.): Proceedings of the 2002 Speech Prosody Conference, Aix-en-Provence, Laboratoire Parole et Langage, pp. 227-230.
DORTA, J. and B. HERNANDEZ (2005): «Intonation et accent dans le cadre de AMPER: déclaratives vs interrogatives sans expansion en Tenerife et Gran Canaria», Le projet AMPER. Geolinguistique, Hors série 3, pp. 187-215.
DRYER, M. S. (2005): «Position of interrogative phrases in content questions», in M. Haspelmath; M. S. Dryer; D. Gil and B. Comrie (eds.): The World Atlas of Language Structures Online, Munich, Max Planck Digital Library, ch. 39. http://wals.info/feature/93a. [1/12/2011]
ELORDIETA. G. (2000): «Mendebaldeko intonazioaren inguruan», in Mendebalde Kultur Alkartea (ed): Mendebaldeko berbetearen formalizazinoa, Bilbao, pp. 111-136.
ELORDIETA, G. (2003): «Intonation», in J. I. Hualde and J. Ortiz de Urbina (eds.): A Grammar of Basque, Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 72-112.
ELORDIETA, G. (2007a): «Constraints on Intonational Prominence of Focalized Constituents», in C. Lee; M. Gordon and D. Büring (eds.): Topic and Focus: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives on Meaning and Intonation, Amsterdam, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 1-22.
ELORDIETA, G. (2007b): «A constraint-based analysis of the intonational realization of focus in Northern Bizkaian Basque», in T. Riad and C. Gussenhoven (eds.): Tones and Tunes, Volume I, Typological Studies in Word and Sentence Prosody (Phonology and Phonetics, Series editor, Aditi Lahiri), Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 201-234.
FERNÁNDEZ PLANAS, A. M.; E. MARTÍNEZ; C. VAN OOSTERZEE; V. SALCIOLI GUIDI; J. CASTELLVÍ VIVES and D. SZMIDT SIERYKOW (2007): «Proyecto AMPER: estudio contrastivo de frases interrogativas sin expansión del barceloní y del tarragoní», in Actas del VI Congreso de Lingüística General, Santiago de Compostela, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, pp. 1931-1944.
FERNÁNDEZ REI, E.; M. GONZÁLEZ; L. XUNCAL and M. CAMAÑO (2005): «Achega á entonacion dunha fala do centro de Galicia. Contribució para o Altas Multimèdia Prosodique de L’Espace Roman», Le projet AMPER. Géolinguistique, Hors série 3, pp. 87-102.
GAMINDE, I. (2004): «Tonuak eta etenak Gatikako intonazioan» [Tones and breaks in the intonation of Gatika Basque], Fontes Linguae Vasconum (studia et documenta), 97, pp. 519-536.
GAMINDE, I. (2003): «Intonazio ereduak Zeanurin» [Intonational patterns in Zeanuri], Fontes Linguae Vasconum (studia et documenta), 93, 287-307.
GAMINDE, I. (2006): «Intonazio kurben etenez» [About the breaks of intonation curves], in J. Lakarra and J. I. Hualde (eds.): «Studies in Basque and Historica Linguistics in Memory of R. L. Trask. R. L. Trasken oroitzapenetan ikerketak euskalaritza eta hizkuntzalaritza historikoaz», Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca “Julio de Urquijo”, XL, 1-2, pp. 351-376.
GAMINDE, I. (2007): Bizkaian Zehar: Euskararen Ikuspegi Orokorra [Global sight of the Basque of Biscay], Mendebalde Kultura Alkartea eta Bizkaiko Foru Aldundia. Bilbao.
GAMINDE, I. (2010): Bizkaiko Gazteen Prosodiaz: Euskaraz eta Gaztelaniaz [The prosody of the young people from Bizkaia: in Basque and Spanish], Bilbao, Mendebalde Kultur Elkartea.
HUALDE, J.I. (2003): «El modelo métrico y autosegmental», in P. Prieto (coord.): Teorías de la entonación, Barcelona, Ariel Lingüística, pp. 1-28.
MARTÍNEZ CELDRÁN, E.; A. M. FERNÁNDEZ PLANAS and J. CARRERA SABATÉ (2005): «Diferències dialectals del català a partir de les oracions interrogatives absolutes amb ‘que’», Estudios de fonética experimental, XIV, pp. 327-353.
ORMAETXEA, J. L. (2008): «Otxandioko hizkera: adinaren araberako bariazioa» [Otxandio Basque: age variation], Fontes Linguae Vasconum,108, pp. 249-262.
ORMAETXEA, J. L. (2011): «Apparent time variation in Basque: Variation in Aramaio and Otxandio», Dialectologia, 6, 25-44.
PRADILLA, M. A. and P. PRIETO (2002): «Entonación dialectal catalana: la interrogación absoluta neutra en catalán central y en tortosí», in J. Díaz (ed.): Actas del II Congreso de Fonética Experimental , Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, pp. 291-295
http://prosodia.uab.cat/pilarprieto/documents/Entonacion-dialectal-catalana. pdf.
/12/2011]
PRIETO, P. (2003): Teorías de la entonación, Barcelona, Ariel.
PRIETO, P. (2006): «El model mètric i autosegmental aplicat al català», in J. Carrera and C. Pons (eds.): Actes del XIV Colloqui Lingüístic de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, PPU, pp. 1-12.
TOLEDO, G. (2007): «Fraseo en español peninsular y modelo autosegmental y métrico», Estudios filológicos, 42, pp. 227-243.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All articles published online by Estudios de Fonética Experimental are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED), unless otherwise noted. Estudios de Fonética Experimental is an open access journal. Estudios de Fonética Experimental is hosted by RCUB (Revistes Científiques de la Universitat de Barcelona), powered by Open Journal Systems (OJS) software. The copyright is not transferred to the journal: authors hold the copyright and publishing rights without restrictions. The author is free to use and distribute pre and post-prints versions of his/her article. However, preprint versions are regarded as a work-in-progress version used as internal communication with the authors, and we prefer to share postprint versions.