La Neurociencia detrás del aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/joned.v1i2.33695Keywords:
PBL, ABP, neurociencia, neuroeducación, tutores, problema, aprendizaje colaborativo, pregunta.Abstract
Diversas universidades en todo el mundo utilizan el aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) como un organizador curricular que se orienta a desarrollar estudiantes activos, con competencias propias del desempeño profesional, enfrentando escenarios problema mediante el trabajo en pequeños grupos colaborativos con la guía del docente como facilitador, utilizando la indagación como herramienta didáctica principal. Se presenta una perspectiva del ABP desde la neurociencia educacional analizando sus componentes principales como los escenarios problemas, su relación con los principios de la neurociencia, los neurocircuitos prefrontales - subcorticales y las funciones ejecutivas; la pregunta como estrategia didáctica central del facilitador y una aproximación a la evidencia para su uso; y por último, analizamos el grupo tutorial, no solo como un grupo colaborativo de aprendizaje que mejora el rendimiento académico, sino como una refinada estructura de entrenamiento en la cognición social, que permite la identificación de necesidades de mejora en etapas precoces facilitando la inclusión social profesional especifica del área de formación. El éxito del ABP en los procesos de cambio curricular atrae la búsqueda de niveles de explicación y de evidencia, priorizando su lugar en la agenda investigativa de la neurociencia educacional.
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