La desigualtat espacial en els nivells de vida i la prima urbana a l’Àfrica occidental francesa durant el període colonial tardà
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/rhiihr.44765Paraules clau:
desigualtat espacial, ràtios de benestar, històri econòmica africana, Àfrica colonial, salaris realsResum
¿Eren les capitals colonials illes de relativa prosperitat a l’Àfrica occidental o els ingressos de les ciutats més petites mantenien el nivell d’ingressos de les grans ciutats com Dakar? Malgrat que els treballs recents han demostrat que als anys cinquanta els salaris reals dels treballadors no qualificats a les principals ciutats de l’Àfrica occidental eren relativament alts per als estàndards del món en desenvolupament, se sap menys sobre els nivells d’ingressos als assentaments urbans més petits de la regió. Utilitzant salaris nominals i preus al detall, aquest article estima les ràtios de benestar (welfare ratios) en 49 centres urbans de la Dahomey colonial francesa, el Níger, el Sudan francès, l’Alt Volta i la Guinea francesa per a l’estació seca de 1948. Mostra que hi va haver una variació considerable en els salaris nominals, els salaris reals i el nivell de preus a tot el territori de l’Àfrica occidental francesa. Les ciutats costaneres generalment tenien salaris reals més alts que els que hi havia a l’interior, tot i que la Guinea costanera era relativament pobra. Els ingressos reals acostumaven a ser més elevats a les zones connectades amb un ferrocarril colonial i a les que tenien una major productivitat de la terra. Hi havia prima urbana apreciable, amb salaris reals més alts a les ciutats amb més població.
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