Transformació de l'assistència sanitària llatinoamericana: una anàlisi retrospectiva de llits hospitalaris, metges i infermeres de 1960 a 2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/jesb2023.8.2.42709Paraules clau:
sanitat, Amèrica Llatina, segle XX, segle XXI, llits hospitalaris, infermeres, metges, despesaResum
Els sistemes sanitaris d'Amèrica Llatina han evolucionat de manera no lineal, influenciats per diversos models, esdeveniments històrics i règims polítics. En tenim un coneixement limitat malgrat els esforços a nivell nacional, cosa que indica la necessitat d'estadístiques a llarg termini per avaluar els efectes de les reformes i entendre els canvis sanitaris a la regió.
L'article contribueix a la reivindicació de la Teoria de la Xarxa d'Actors (ANT) per a una millor comprensió de les xarxes complexes mitjançant una descripció dels seus principals components comparables a llarg termini amb una sèrie quantitativa a llarg termini per a 20 països llatinoamericans, que abasta des del 1960 fins al 2020, sobre el nombre de llits d'hospital, metges i infermeres (per capita) i despesa sanitària (en dòlars dels EUA per capita). L'objectiu principal d'aquest estudi és mostrar i descriure les tendències i patrons històrics d'aquestes variables a la regió. Els resultats es mantenen en l'objectiu d'aquest article a nivell descriptiu, a causa de la manca de sèries fiables a llarg termini que requereixin al nostre punt de vista difondre les dades perquè una comunitat científica més àmplia les pugui utilitzar per obtenir interpretacions més contextualitzades als diferents països implicats. L'article, tanmateix, mostra que hi ha una demostració molt convincent de l'existència d'una millora global en tots els indicadors considerats i per a la majoria de països llatinoamericans. Són líders en la majoria de les anàlisis i la majoria de les vegades, Cuba, Argentina i Uruguai. Els acompanyen, segons l'indicador i el període, Costa Rica i Panamà. Al contrari, hi ha retrocessos a Veneçuela i progressos o estancaments menors a la majoria de països centreamericans.
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