Ann Arbor SPARK – Network Intelligence clave para la emergencia de la nueva generación de parques de ciencia y tecnología
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/jesb2022.2.j108Palabras clave:
Innovación, emprendedor, parque de ciencia y tecnología, Triple Hélice, Triángulo del Conocimiento, Inteligencia conectada, Red IQ, Industria 4.0Resumen
En este artículo revisamos la evolución del fenómeno conocido como parques científicos y tecnológicos (STP), como un instrumento diseñado para estimular la innovación y el espíritu empresarial en el nivel de un ecosistema regional. Desarrollamos un concepto de la siguiente generación de STP, STP 2.0, como una red empresarial de empresas situadas en proximidad, y como un nodo vital en las redes de creación valor en una región. Construimos nuestra definición basándonos en diversas redes de creación de valor como por ejemplo la Triple Hélix y el Triángulo del Conocimiento. Analizamos los factores humanos y sociales relacionados con la eficacia de la utilización de redes para la innovación, hacia objetivos diversos en el paradigma teorizado como el marco de inteligencia conectada, y después describimos la creación y evolución de Ann Arbor SPARK como un ejemplo de SPT 2.0 centrado en su diseño organizativo, como una plataforma comunitaria, con su cultura de redes conectando centros aislados de investigación e industria, y proyectos específicos diseñados para acelerar laboratorios en los mercados de la región post industrial de la Rust Belt Michigan en los Estados Unidos. Acabamos el artículo con una lista de conclusiones que explican el diseño de nuevos parques y la transformación de los STP existentes, diseñados y gestionados principalmente como una inversión inmobiliaria bajo la falsa suposición de que la mera localización cercana de agentes empresariales en una localización física es suficiente para fomentar la innovación y el espíritu empresarial.
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