Seguridad del Paciente en Medicina Intensiva. Aspectos bioéticos

María Cruz Martín Delgado

doi:10.1344/rbd2020.48.28605

Autors/ores

María Cruz Martín Delgado Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1344/rbd2020.48.28605

Paraules clau:

seguridad del paciente, medicina intensiva, segundas víctimas, información, evento adverso

Resum

La Seguridad del Paciente se ha convertido en un reto y en una prioridad de todos los sistemas sanitarios. Se ha implantado políticas internacionales con el objetivo de reducir el número de incidentes relacionados con Seguridad del Paciente. Todavía son muchos los pacientes que sufren daños derivados de la atención sanitaria. Además, su impacto se extiende no solo a los familiares y allegados, sino también a los propios profesionales, a las instituciones sanitarias y todo ello con un coste económico y emocional con importantes consecuencias para todos los implicados. La mayoría de estudios realizados han ido dirigidos a conocer la epidemiología de los eventos adversos, a conocer sus causas y sus consecuencias. Se han promovido numerosas prácticas seguras con el objetivo de reducir los riesgos relacionados con la atención sanitaria. Recientemente han cobrado mayor relevancia aspectos relacionados con la actuación posterior a un evento adverso (EA). La gestión del riesgo implica entre otras acciones, la identificación, notificación y el análisis de los EA que señalen los fallos latentes en el sistema y la causa raíz con el objetivo último de establecer acciones de mejora y evitar su recurrencia. De forma paulatina estas estrategias se han ido incorporando en las políticas institucionales y mejorando con ello la cultura de seguridad. Pero todavía existen partes del proceso, que en nuestro ámbito se encuentran en su etapa más inicial, tales como el proceso de información sobre los EA a los pacientes y sus familiares y el soporte a los profesionales tras verse implicados en un EA. Todo ello debe construirse en un marco de confianza y credibilidad.

Biografia de l'autor/a

María Cruz Martín Delgado, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria

Médico intensivista, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón (España). Profesora Asociada del grado de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria.

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