Consideración crítica de las adicciones digitales

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1344/der.2021.39.4-22

Keywords:

redes sociales en línea, trastorno de juego en internet, teléfono inteligente, adicción, DSM-5

Abstract

Este trabajo propone un análisis crítico de las adicciones tecnológicas y se centra, especialmente, en las redes sociales, el móvil y los videojuegos. El uso de las redes sociales no responde al patrón descrito para la adicción puesto que no cumple los criterios establecidos para ella. Puede ser problemático y generar consecuencias negativas, pero éstas son leves y no llegan al nivel de las adicciones. Es más fructífero estudiar el contexto del perfil psicológico del usuario, las motivaciones y gratificaciones y su contexto socio-cultural para entender cómo se produce un uso problemático y cómo combatirlo. La falta de estudios longitudinales y de muestras clínicas invitan a la cautela para no patologizar conductas novedosas. En el caso del teléfono móvil, no consideramos que sea una adicción puesto que el móvil es una plataforma en el que se pueden encontrar contenidos que pueden llegar a ser problemáticos, pero el móvil en sí mismo no es el problema. Sobre los videojuegos cabe mencionar que tanto el DSM-5 como la CIE-11 lo han considerado un trastorno adictivo que se caracteriza por un patrón de comportamiento de juego persistente y recurrente que conlleva un deterioro o malestar clínicamente significativo en el que es necesario seguir investigando para describir sus particularidades clínicas y mejorar las propuestas de tratamiento.

 

Author Biographies

Xavier Carbonell, Universitat Ramon Llull. FPCEE Blanquerna.

Departamento de Psicología

Fran Calvo, Universitat de Girona. Departament de Pedagogia, Institut de Recerca sobre Qualitat de Vida.

Departamento de Pedagogia,

Tayana Panova, Universitat Ramon Llull. FPCEE Blanquerna.

Departamento de Psicología

Marta Beranuy, Universidad de Navarra

Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud

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Published

2021-07-01