Teachers' situated knowledge: Addressing digital exclusion in rural contexts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/der.2024.45.171-178Keywords:
rurality, technological appropiation, qualitative metholodogies, ChileAbstract
This study delves into the intricate challenges surrounding incorporating information and communication technologies (ICTs) in education, particularly in regions characterized by digital exclusion, such as rural areas. By recognizing the potential of ICTs to support and expand student learning opportunities, this research explores the necessity for effective implementation through tailored professional development aligned with teachers' contextual conditions and needs. In addressing these challenges, the study explores the concept of technological appropriation, underscoring the significance of individual and contextual elements in adapting ICTs to users' specific needs and environments. Through unstructured face-to-face interviews with 21 teachers immersed in a digitally vulnerable rural context, this research unveils insights into how educators’ appropriate technologies to enhance student learning. The findings of this study contribute to the development of educational practices tailored to rural contexts, focusing on providing a meaningful and effective learning experience for students. By shedding light on teachers' strategies for navigating the digital landscape in challenging environments, the research aims to inform policies and practices that bridge the technological gap, ultimately fostering equitable access and enhanced educational outcomes in rural settings.
References
Ávalos, B., Flores, M.A., & Araneda, S. (2022). Battling to keep education going: Chilean and Portuguese teacher experiences in COVID-19 Times. Teachers and Teaching. Theory & Practice. 28(2). 131-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2021.2012758
Berker, T., Hartmann, M., Punie, Y., & Ward, K. (Eds.). (2006). Domestication of media and technology Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide. England, UK: Sage
Brown, S., & Mickelson, A. (2019). Why some well-planned and community-based ICTD interventions fail. Information Technologies & International Development, 15, 49–61.
Bezemer, J., & Kress, G., (2016). Multimodality, Learning and Communication. A Social Semiotic Frame. London: Routledge.
Cabello, P., Claro, G., Lazcano, D., Cabello-Hutt, T., Antezana, L., Ochoa, J. (2019). Chilean children’s internet use and online activities: A brief report. Chile: Global Kids Online.
Cabero, A. & Valencia, R. (2019). TIC para la inclusión: una mirada desde Latinoamérica. Aula Abierta, 48(2), 139-146.
Claro, M., Nussbaum, M., López, X., & Contardo, V. (2017). Differences in views of school principals and teachers regarding technology integration. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 20(3), 42-53.
Claro, M., Salinas, Á., Cabello-Hutt, T., San Martín, E., Preiss, D., Valenzuela, S., & Jara, I. (2018). Teaching in a Digital Environment (TIDE): Defining and measuring teachers' capacity to develop students' digital information and communication skills. Computers & Education, 121, 162-174.
Claro, M., & Jara, I. (2020). The end of Enlaces: 25 years of an ICT education policy in Chile. Digital Education Review. 27, 96-108. https://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/der/article/view/30669/pdf
Correa, T. & Pavez, I. (2016). Digital inclusion in rural areas: A qualitative exploration of experiences and challenges faced by people from isolated communities. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 21(3), 247-263.
Denzin, N. & Lincoln, Y. (Eds.). (2018). The Sage handbook of qualitative research (5th ed.). Sage. California
Galperín, H. (2016). La brecha digital en América Latina: evidencia y recomendaciones de política a partir de encuestas de hogares. Paper presented at CPRLATAM Conference, México, June 22-23rd.
Gandolfi, E., Ferdig, R. E., & Kratcoski, A. (2021). A new educational normal an intersectionality-led exploration of education, learning technologies, and diversity during COVID-19. Technology in Society, 66, 101637.
González-Betancor, S. M., López-Puig, A. J., & Cardenal, M. E. (2021). Digital inequality at home. The school as compensatory agent. Computers & Education, 168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104195
Haddon, L. (2004). Information and communication technologies in everyday life: a concise introduction and research guide. Oxford: Berg.
Haddon, L. & Silverstone, R. (1996) Information and Communications Technologies and the Young Elderly. SPRU CICT Report Series No. 13.
Helsper, E. J., & Reisdorf, B. C. (2017). The emergence of a “digital underclass” in Great Britain and Sweden: Changing reasons for digital exclusion. New media & society, 19(8), 1253-1270. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816634676
Helsper, E. (2021). The digital disconnect: The social causes and consequences of digital inequalities. Sage: London.
Hepp, P., Laval, E., Moëne, G., & Ripoll, M. (1996). Monitoring the ‘Enlaces’ educational computer network. Education and Information Technologies. 1, 5-20. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00144333.pdf
Hinostroza, J. E., Ibieta, A., Claro, M., & Labbé, C. (2016). Characterisation of teachers’ use of computers and Internet inside and outside the classroom: The need to focus on the quality. Education and Information Technology. 21, 1595-1610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-015-9404-6
Hutchby, I. (2001). Technologies, texts and affordances. Sociology, 35(2), 441-456.
Ibieta, A., Hinostroza, J.E., Labbé, C., & Claro, M. (2017) The role of the Internet in teachers’ professional practice: activities and factors associated with teacher use of ICT inside and outside the classroom. Technology, Pedagogy and Education. 26(4), 425-438. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2017.1296489
Infante, M., Matus, C., Paulsen, A., Salazar, A., & Vizcarra, R. (2013). Narrando la vulnerabilidad escolar: Perfomatividad, espacio y territorio. Literatura y lingüística, (27), 281-308.
Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). Interviews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing. Sage: California.
LaRose R., Strover S., Gregg J. & Straubhaar, J. (2011). The impact of rural broadband development: Lessons from a natural field experiment. Government Information Quarterly, 28(1), 91–100.
Livingstone, S. (2012). Critical reflections on the benefits of ICT in education. Oxford Review of Education. 38(1), 9-24, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2011.577938
Livingstone, S. & Helsper, E. (2007). Gradations in digital inclusion: children, young people and the digital divide. New media & Society, 9(4), 671-696.
Lopez-Sintas, J., Lamberti, G., & Sukphan, J. (2020). The social structuring of the digital gap in a developing country. The impact of computer and internet access opportunities on internet use in Thailand. Technology in Society, 63, 101433.
Marshall, S., & Taylor, W. (2005). Facilitating the Use of ICT for Community Development through Collaborative Partnerships between Universities, Governments and Communities. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology, 1(1), 5-12.
Martinez, Y., Mata, S. & Vega, M. (2021). Diagnóstico sobre las brechas de inclusión digital en Chile. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Mateus, J.C., Andrada, P., González-Cabrera, C., Ugalde, C., & Novominsky, S. (2022). Teachers’ perspectives for a critical agenda in media education post COVID-19. A comparative study in Latin America. Comunicar. 70(XXX). 9-18. https://doi.org/10.3916/C70-2022-01
Miller, D., & Slater, D. (2000). The internet: an ethnographic approach. Oxford: Berger
MINEDUC (n.d.). Ficha de establecimientos. Accesed on https://mi.mineduc.cl/mvc/mime/portada
MINEDUC. (2022). Plan integral de reactivación educativa. Retrieved from https://reactivacioneducativa.mineduc.cl
MINEDUC. (2023). Plan de fortalecimiento de la educación rural Gabriela Mistral. Retrieved from https://rural.mineduc.cl/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2023/02/251022-Fortalecimiento-de-la-educacion-rural-Gabriela-Mistral.pdf
MINEDUC. (2024). Política nacional de educación rural. Retrieved from https://rural.mineduc.cl/politica-nacional-de-educacion-rural/
Patiño, J., Poveda, L., y Martínez, A. (2018). Monitoreo de la Agenda Digital para América Latina y el Caribe eLAC2018. CEPAL. Santiago: Naciones Unidas
Reisdorf, B., & Rhinesmith, C. (2020). Digital Inclusion as a Core Component of Social Inclusion. Social Inclusion, 8(2), 132-137.
Roberts, E., Anderson, B., Skerratt, S., & Farrington, J. (2016). A review of the rural-digital policy agenda from a community resilience perspective. Journal of Rural Studies, 54, 372-385.
Robinson, L., Schulz, J., Ball, C., Chiaraluce, C., Dodel, M., Francis, J., ... & Williams, A. A. (2021). Cascading Crises: Society in the Age of COVID-19. American Behavioral Scientist, https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642211003156
Rodríguez, P., Nussbaum, M., López, X., & Sepúlveda, M. (2012). A Monitoring and Evaluation Scheme for an ICT-Supported Education Program in Schools. Educational Technology & Society. 13 (2), 166–179. https://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.13.2.166
Salinas, A., Nussbaum, M., Herrera, O. & Solarte, M. (2016). Factors affecting the adoption of information and communication technologies in teaching. Education and Information Technologies. 22(5), 2175-2196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-016-9540-7
Sánchez, J., Salinas, A., & Harris, J. (2011). Education with ICT in South Korea and Chile. International Journal of Educational Development. 31, 126-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2010.03.003
Selwyn, N. (2022a). Education and Technology. Key Issues and Debates. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Selwyn, N (2022b). Is technology Good for Education? Cambridge: Polity Press
Selwyn, N., Hillman, T., Eynon, R., Ferreira, G, Knox, J., Macgilchrist, F., & Sancho-Gil, J.M. (2020). What’s next for Ed-Tech? Critical hopes and concerns for the 2020s. Learning, Media and Technology. 45(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1694945
Skerratt, S. (2008) The persistence of place: the importance of shared participation environments when deploying ICTs in rural areas (pp.83-106) In G. Rusten & Skerrit, S. (Eds) Information and Communication Technologies in Rural Society. Being rural in a digital age. London: Routledge
Sørensen, K. (2004). Domestication: The social enactment of technology. STS Working Paper, 08/04. Trondheim, Norway: Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Stillman, L., Anwar, M., Sarker, A., Frings-Hessami, V., & Oliver, G. (2021). Talk, smartphones, notebooks, and brown paper. In I. Lubin (Ed.) ICT and International Learning EcologiesRepresentation and Sustainability Across Contexts (pp. 17-41). New York: Routledge
SUBTEL. (2017). Sector telecomunicaciones primer semestre. Report, Chile, August. Available at: https://www.subtel.gob.cl/wpcontent/uploads/2018/09/PPT_Series_JUNIO_2018_V1.pdf
SUBTEL. (2019). Estadísticas sectoriales Internet. Available at: https://www.subtel.gob.cl/estudios-y-estadisticas/internet/
SUBTEL. (2021). Barómetro de la brecha digital social. Available at: https://www.subtel.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ppt-barometro-brecha-jun2021.pdf
Tessa, C., Désiron, and Cattaneo, A. (2023). What is “Technology Integration” and how is it Measured in K-12 Eductaion? A Systematic Review of Survey Instruments from 2010 to 2021. Computers & Education. 197. (104742). 1-19. https://doi.org./10.1016/j.compedu.2023104742
Tewathia, N., Kamath, A., & Ilavarasan, P. V. (2020). Social inequalities, fundamental inequities, and recurring of the digital divide: Insights from India. Technology in Society, 61, 101251.
Trucco, D., & Palma, A. (2020). Infancia y adolescencia en la era digital: un informe comparativo de los estudios de Kids Online del Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica y el Uruguay. CEPAL & UNESCO, http://hdl.handle.net/11362/45212
Vásquez, A., Nussbaum, M., Sciarriesi, E., Martínez, T., Barahona, C., & Strasser, K. (2017) The Impact of the Technology Used in Formative Assessment: The Case of Spelling. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 54(8) 1142–1167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633116650971
van Deursen, A. J., Helsper, E. J., & Eynon, R. (2016). Development and validation of the Internet Skills Scale (ISS). Information, Communication & Society, 19(6), 804-823.
Wessels, B. (2012) Exploring human agency and digital systems. Information, Communication & Society
(10), 1533-1552.
Williamson, B, Eynon, R., & Potter, J. (2020) Pandemic politics, pedagogies and practices: digital technologies and distance education during the coronavirus emergency. Learning, Media and Technology. 45(2), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1761641
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Isabel Pavez, Angela Novoa-Echaurren, Antonio Salinas-Layana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication.
- The texts published in Digital Education Review, DER, are under a license Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4,0 Spain, of Creative Commons. All the conditions of use in: Creative Commons,
- In order to mention the works, you must give credit to the authors and to this Journal.
- Digital Education Review, DER, does not accept any responsibility for the points of view and statements made by the authors in their work.