Presentació del Projecte Cogni-Action de Xile: Connexions entre factors físics, cognitius i socioeconòmics en una gran mostra d'escolars
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/joned.v4i2.43356Paraules clau:
rendiment cognitiu, estat nutritiu, estat físic, composició corporal, dieta saludable, vulnerabilitat socioeconòmicaResum
La preocupació global s'ha aprofundit en les últimes dècades per les taxes alarmants d'obesitat, sedentarisme, l'activitat física i els nivells d'aptitud insuficients, i hàbits alimentosos poc saludables en nens, nenes i adolescents. Paral·lelament, hem estat testimonis d'un augment de la pobresa i de la vulnerabilitat socioeconòmica a tot el món. La comprensió de la relació intrínseca entre la salut física i cognitiva és crucial, i l'evidència creixent suggereix una associació significativa. No obstant això, més del 80% de les dades existents procedeixen de països d'ingressos elevats, la qual cosa representa una fracció insignificant dels nens del món. Les projeccions d'UNICEF indiquen que per a 2030, els països de renda baixa i mitjana acolliran aproximadament el 63% de la població mundial de nens, nenes i adolescents. Això posa de manifest una bretxa de coneixement substancial que el Projecte Cogni-Action, dut a terme a Xile, ajuda a abordar. En particular, Xile s'enfronta a reptes significatius, amb taxes de sobrepès infantil que arriben al 54%, situant-se més alt en sedentarisme, inactivitat física, consum de begudes toves sucreres i puntuacions educatives estancades. D'altra banda, la desigualtat de riquesa és greu, amb el 10% de la població que posseeix el 77% de la riquesa. El projecte Chilean Cogni-Action va recollir dades exhaustives durant tres anys (2017-2019) de 1.296 escolars (10-14 anys) a la regió de Valparaíso. Aquestes dades abastaven mes de 500 variables que abastaven factors físics, psicosocials, cognitius i d'estil de vida, així com variables de neuroimatge. El present article pretén contextualitzar i mostrar aquest projecte basant-se en els articles publicats fins avui. A mesura que les universitats i les institucions de recerca de tot el món persegueixen esforços similars, sorgeix la necessitat de compartir troballes i metodologies per accelerar el desenvolupament del coneixement que pugui informar la política pública i donar forma a les agendes de les institucions pertinents.
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Drets d'autor (c) 2024 Anya Doherty, Ricardo Martinez-Flores, Juan Pablo Espinoza-Puelles, Humberto Peña-Jorquera, Carlos Cristi-Montero
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