Unravelling imaginative heritage.
Understanding a city through its crime fiction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/THJ.2022.4.6Keywords:
Crime fiction, heritage imagination, media tourism, place-narrativesAbstract
This paper focuses on media tourism - people travelling to places associated with film, TV-series, games or other forms of popular culture. In order to investigate the roles and impacts of the multiple stakeholders that are involved in this booming phenomenon, the concept ‘imaginative heritage’ is introduced. In particular, we refer to the multitude of popular, fictional narratives that have been projected upon or appropriated by specific sites throughout time and that together make up an important part of local place identity. As is argued here, imaginative heritage results from an active involvement of not only locals, fans and tourists, but also the media industries, the tourism industries and the local governments. By applying this concept to cases of crime fiction tourism and addressing the power configurations behind these heritage and tourism practices, this paper aims to contribute to a more holistic understanding of media tourism and, more in particular, the reciprocal nature of the relation between popular crime fiction, heritage and place.
References
Bal, M. (1994). Narrotology. Introduction to the theory of narrative (2nd ed.). University of Toronto Press.
Barton, R. (2019). The Force meets the Kittiwake. Shooting Star Wars on Skellig Michael. In C. Lundberg & V. Ziakas (Eds.). The Routledge handbook of popular culture and tourism (pp. 300-310). Routledge.
Beeton, S. (2001). Lights, camera, re-action. How does film-induced tourism affect a country town? In M. F. Rogers & Y. M. J. Collins (Eds.). The Future of Australia’s Country Towns (pp. 172–183). Centre for Sustainable Regional Communities, La Trobe University.
Beeton, S. (2004). Rural tourism in Australia – has the gaze altered? Tracking rural images through film and tourism promotion. International Journal of Travel Research, 6(S), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.479
Beeton, S. (2006). Understanding film-induced tourism. Tourism analysis, 11(3), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354206778689808
Beeton, S. (2010). The advance of film tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 7(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790530903522572
Beeton, S. (2016). Film-induced tourism. Channel View Publications.
Beeton, S., & P. Seaton (2018). Creating places and transferring culture: American theme parks in Japan. In S. Kim & S. Reijnders (Eds.). Film tourism in Asia (pp. 251-267). Springer.
Bodenhamer, D. J., Corrigan, J., & Harris, T. M. (2015). Deep maps and spatial narratives. Indiana University Press.
Booth, A. (2009). Time-travel in Dickens’ world. In N. J. Watson (Ed.). Literary Tourism and Nineteenth-Century Culture (pp. 150-163). Palgrave Macmillan.
Boni, M. (2017). Worldbuilding. Transmedia, fans, industries. Amsterdam University Press.
Brooker, W. (2007). Everywhere and nowhere: Vancouver, film pilgrimage and the urban imaginary. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 10(4), 423-444. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367877907083078
Busby, G., & Klug, J. (2001). Movie-induced tourism: The challenge of measurement and other issues. Journal of vacation marketing, 7(4), 316-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/135676670100700403
Butler, R. W. (1990). The influence of the media in shaping international tourist patterns. Tourism Recreation Research, 15(2), 46-53.
Clayton, J. (2003). Dickens in Cyberspace: The Afterlife of the Nineteenth Century in Postmodern Culture. Oxford University Press
Cohen, J. (1986). Promotion of overseas tourism through media fiction. In Tourism services marketing: advances in theory and practice. Special conference series, volume II (pp. 229-237). Academy of Marketing Science, University of Miami.
Cohen, S. (2017). Decline, renewal and the city in popular music culture: beyond the Beatles. Routledge.
Connell, J. (2012). Film tourism–Evolution, progress and prospects. Tourism management, 33(5), 1007-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.02.008
De Certeau, M. (1980), L’invention du quotidien: Arts de faire. Gallimard.
Duvall, J.N. (1999). Troping History: Modernist Residue in Fredric Jameson’s Pastiche and Linda Hutcheon’s Parody. Postmodernism and Other Distractions: Situations and Directions for Critical Theory, 33(3), 372-390.
Easthope, H. (2004). A place called home. Housing, theory and society, 21(3), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/14036090410021360
Edensor, T. (2002). National identity, popular culture and everyday life. Bloomsbury publishing.
Freytag, T. & Bauder, M. (2018). Bottom-up touristification and urban transformations in Paris. Tourism Geographies, 20(3), 443-460. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2018.1454504
Fitzjohn, M. (2009). The use of GIS in landscape heritage and attitudes to place – digital deep maps. In M. L. S. Sørensen & J. Carman (Eds). Heritage studies: methods and approaches (pp. 237-252). Routledge.
Gibbs, J. (2008). Crime fiction: Around the world in 80 sleuths. The Independent, 22 July. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/crime-fiction-aroundthe-world-in-80-sleuths-873660.html (last accessed May 2022).
Gieryn, T. F. (2000). A space for place in sociology. Annual review of sociology, 26(1), 463-496. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.463
Gottschall, J. (2013). The storytelling animal: how stories make us human. Mariner Books.
Gyimóthy, S., Lundberg, C., Lindström, K., Lexhagen, M. & Larson, M. (2015). Popculture tourism: a research manifesto. In D. Chambers & T. Rakic (Eds). Tourism research frontiers: beyond the boundaries of knowledge (pp. 13-26). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Harrison, R. (2011). Heritage: critical approaches. Routledge.
Hendrix, H. (2008). Writers’ Houses and the Making of Memory. Routledge.
Hills, M. (2002). Fan cultures. Routledge.
Hughes, N. (2018). ‘Tourists go home’: anti-tourism industry protest in Barcelona. Social Movement Studies, 17(4), 471-477. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2018.1468244
Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: where old and new media collide. New York University Press.
Kim, S. (2012). Audience involvement and film tourism experiences: Emotional places, emotional experiences. Tourism Management, 33(2), 387-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.04.008
Kim, S. & Reijnders, S. (2018). Film tourism in Asia. Springer.
Kousis, M. (2000). Tourism and the environment: A social movements perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(2), 468-489.
Lawson, M. (2012). Crime’s grand tour: European detective fiction. The Guardian, 26 October. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/oct/26/crimes-grand-tour-european-detective-fiction (last accessed May 2022).
Lean, G., Staiff, R., & Waterton, E. (2014). Reimagining travel and imagination. In G. Leab, R. Staiff & E. Waterton (Eds.). Travel and imagination (pp. 9-24). Ashgate.
Lefebvre, H. (1991). Critique of everyday life: Foundations for a sociology of the everyday (vol. 2). Verso.
Lew, A. A. (2017). Tourism planning and place making: place-making or placemaking? Tourism Geographies, 19(3), 448-466. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2017.1282007
Lukinbeal, C., & Fletchall, A. (2014). The hollowed or hallowed ground of Orange County, California. In J. A. Lester & C. Scarles (Eds.). Mediating the tourist experience - brochures to virtual encounters (pp. 223-236). Ashgate.
Lundberg, C., & Ziakas, V. (2019). The Routledge handbook of popular culture and tourism. Routledge.
Lundberg, C., Ziakas, V. & Morgan, N. (2018). Conceptualising on-screen tourism destination development. Tourist Studies, 18(1), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797617708511
Mansfield, C. (2015). Researching literary tourism. Shadows Books & Media.
Mason, P., & Rohe, G.L. (2019). Playing at home. Popular culture tourism and place-making in Japan. In C. Lundberg & V. Ziakas (Eds.). The Routledge handbook of popular culture and tourism (pp. 353-364). Routledge.
Mayer, V. (2016). The production of extras in a precarious creative economy. In M. Curtin & K. Sanson (Eds.). Precarious creativity: global media, local labor (pp. 63-87). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Morley, D. (2001). Belongings: Place, space and identity in a mediated world. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 4(4), 425–448. https://doi.org/10.1177/136754940100400404
Novy, J., & Colomb, C. (2016). Urban tourism and its discontents: an introduction. In C. Colomb & J. Novy (Eds.). Protest and resistance in the tourist city (pp. 1-30). Routledge.
O’Connell, D. (2014). The Irish Film Board: gatekeeper or facilitator? The experience of the Irish screenwriter. In C. Batty (Ed.). Screenwriters and screenwriting: putting practice into context (pp. 113-129). Palgrave Macmillan.
O'Connor, N., & Kim, S. (2014). Pictures and prose: exploring the impact of literary and film tourism. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 12(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2013.862253
Orgad, S. (2014). Media representation and the global imagination. John Wiley & Sons.
Otero-Pailos, J., Gaiger, J., & West, S. (2010). Heritage values. In S. West (Ed.). Understanding heritage in practice (pp. 47-87). Manchester University Press.
Reijnders, S. (2011a). Places of the imagination. Media, tourism, culture. Ashgate.
Reijnders, S. (2011b). Stalking the count: Dracula, fandom and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(1), 231-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2010.08.006
Reijnders, S. (2016). Stories that move. Fiction, imagination, tourism. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 19(6), 672-689. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549415597922
Reijnders, S. (2020). Chapter 1. Imaginative Heritage. Towards a holistic perspective on media, tourism and governance. In N. Van Es, S. Reijnders, L. Bolderman & A. Waysdorf (Eds.). Locating Imagination in Popular Culture. Place, Tourism and Belonging (pp. 19-33). Routledge.
Richards, G. (2017a). From place branding to placemaking: the role of events. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 8(1), 8-23. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEFM-09-2016-0063
Richards, G. (2017b). Making places through creative tourism?. In Keynote presentation at the Conference “Culture, Sustainability and Place: innovative approaches for Tourism Development” (Vol. 13), Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
Riley, R., & Van Doren, C. (1992). Movies as tourism promotion: A ‘pull’ factor in a ‘push’ location. Tourism Management, 13(3), 267-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(92)90098-R
Riley, R., Baker, D. & Van Doren, C. (1998). Movie induced tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(4), 919-935. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00045-0
Roberts, L. (2012). Film, mobility and urban space. A cinematic geography of Liverpool. Liverpool University Press.
Roesch, S. (2009). The experiences of film location tourists. Channel View Publications.
Said, E. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon Books.
Salazar, N.B. & Graburn, N.H.H. (2014). Toward an anthropology of tourism imaginaries. In N.B. Salazar & N.H.H. Graburn (Eds.). Tourism imaginaries. Anthropological approaches (pp. 1-28). Berghahn Books.
Seaton, A.V. (1996). Guided by the dark. From thanatopsis to thanatourism. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2(4), 234-244. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527259608722178
Seaton, P., Yamamura, T., Sugawa-Shimada, A., & Jang, K. (2017). Contents Tourism in Japan: Pilgrimages to “Sacred Sites” of Popular Culture. Cambia Press.
Smith, M. K. (2015). Issues in cultural tourism studies. Routledge.
Torchin, L. (2002). Location, location, location: The destination of the Manhattan TV Tour. Tourist Studies, 2(3), 247-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797602002300
Twining-Ward, L., & Butler, R. (2002). Implementing sustainable tourism development on a small island: development and the use of sustainable tourism development indicators in Samoa. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 10(5), 363–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580208667174
Tzanelli, R. (2004). Constructing the ‘cinematic tourist’. The ‘sign industry’ of the Lord of the Rings. Tourist Studies, 4(1), 21-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797604053077
Tzanelli, R. (2007). The cinematic tourist: Explorations in globalization, culture and resistance. Routledge.
Tzanelli, R. (2019). Cinematic tourist mobilities and the plight of development. On atmospheres, affects and environments. Routledge.
Urry, J. (1990). The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies. Sage.
Van Es, N., & Reijnders, S. (2016). Chasing sleuths and unravelling the metropolis: Analizing the tourist experience of Sherlock Holmes’ London, Philip Marlowe’s Los Angeles and Lisbeth Salander’s Stockholm. Annals of Tourism Research, 57, 113-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.11.017
Van Es, N., & Reijnders, S. (2018). Making sense of capital crime cities: Getting underneath the urban facade on crime-detective fiction tours. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 21(4), 502-520. https://doi.org/10.1177/136754941665685
Van Es, N., Reijnders, S., Bolderman, L. & Waysdorf, A. (2020). Locating Imagination in Popular Culture. Place, Tourism and Belonging. Routledge.
Vanclay, F. (2008). Place matters. In F. Vanclay, M. Higgins & A. Blackshaw (Eds.). Making sense of place: exploring concepts and expressions of place through different senses and lenses (pp. 3-11). National Museum of Australia Press.
Waligo, V. M., Clarke, J., & Hawkins, R. (2013). Implementing sustainable tourism: A multistakeholder involvement management framework. Tourism Management, 36, 342-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.10.008
West, S. (2010). Understanding heritage in practice. Manchester University Press.
Waade, A. M. (2020). Screening the west coast: developing New Nordic Noir tourism in Denmark and using actual places as full-scale visual mood boards for the scriptwriting process. In N. Van Es, S. Reijnders, L. Bolderman & A. Waysdorf (Eds.). Locating Imagination in Popular Culture. Place, Tourism and Belonging (pp. 99-117). Routledge.
Watson, N. J. (2006). The Literary Tourist: Readers and Places in Romantic and Victorian Britain. Palgrave Macmillan.
Watson N. J. (2009). Literary Tourism and Nineteenth-Century Culture. Palgrave Macmillan.
Wilbert, C., & Hansen, R. (2009). Walks in spectral space: East London crime scene tourism. In A. Jansson & A. Lagerkvist (Eds.). Strange Spaces: Explorations into Mediated Obscurity (pp. 187–204). Ashgate.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Stijn Reijnders, Nicky van Es
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication.
- Texts will be published under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work, provided they include an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship, its initial publication in this journal and the terms of the license.
