El fracaso de la estrategia de industrialización de Argelia, 1967-1989: una nueva perspectiva de economía estructural
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/rhiihr.41054Palabras clave:
Industrialización, nueva economía estructural, crecimiento económico, ArgeliaResumen
Siguiendo el marco teórico de la Nueva Economía Estructural, este artículo intenta explicar por qué fracasó la estrategia de industrialización de Argelia durante el periodo 1967-1989. Basándose en este enfoque, se demuestra que, desde su independencia, el excesivo desarrollo de una estrategia de rápida industrialización, la cual priorizó la industria pesada e intensiva en capital, violó el principio de ventaja comparativa de acuerdo con la dotación de factores de Argelia y provocó distorsiones en el mercado interno y una asignación inadecuada de unos recursos escasos. Al mismo tiempo, para sustentar ese modelo de desarrollo, el gobierno argelino diseñó un sistema orgánico, aunque profundamente distorsionado. Concluimos que esta experiencia generó graves deficiencias en la estructura y la planificación industrial del país y dio lugar a una estructura económica desequilibrada. Así pues, la estrategia de industrialización de Argelia fue decepcionante en términos de resultados e impacto económicos. Este fracaso se percibe a menudo como uno de los principales orígenes de la crisis política, social y económica a la que se enfrenta el país desde hace más de una década. Nuestras evidencias sugieren que el rediseño de una estrategia de crecimiento e industrialización debería reflejar mejor la estructura de dotaciones y el nivel de desarrollo argelinos. De hecho, una de las mejores formas de lograr un crecimiento económico elevado y sostenido en Argelia es la de mantener una coherencia entre una economía de base amplia e industrial y la ventaja comparativa del país.
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