L'aigua val més que l'or: Resistència transnacional i la lluita per la justícia hídrica en el conflicte miner de Cerro Blanco
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/contxt.2025.14.1-37Paraules clau:
activisme en xarxa, aigua, mineria transnacional, NIABY, GuatemalaResum
Aquest article analitza el conflicte miner de Cerro Blanco a Asunción Mita, Guatemala, com un cas clau d’activisme en xarxa a Amèrica Central. El 18 de setembre de 2022, el 89 % dels residents d’Asunción Mita van votar en contra del projecte miner metàl·lic de Cerro Blanco, al·legant preocupacions sobre la contaminació de l’aigua i la degradació ambiental. Aquest referèndum decisiu va ser rebut amb resistència per part de Bluestone Resources, l'empresa minera canadenca, i el govern de Guatemala, que van impugnar la legitimitat de la votació, exposant tensions entre la sobirania comunitària, les polítiques estatals i els interessos corporatius. Utilitzant el marc "Not In Anyone’s Backyard" (NIABY) i els principis de justícia hídrica, l'article explora com el cas de Cerro Blanco representa la resistència popular a l'extractivisme transnacional, particularment en relació amb els recursos hídrics compartits a la conca del riu Lempa, que connecta Guatemala i El Salvador. L'estudi destaca com l'activisme en xarxa, que involucra actors locals, regionals i internacionals, fomenta l'oposició a l'extractivisme i defensa una governança sostenible. Enmarcant l'aigua com un dret humà i un bé comú compartit, l'article subratlla la importància de l'acció col·lectiva i la cooperació transfronterera per protegir els ecosistemes i avançar cap a la justícia ambiental. L'estudi fa una crida a enfortir les proteccions legals, com l'Acord d'Escazú, per garantir una presa de decisions inclusiva en la gestió dels recursos naturals. En situar el conflicte de Cerro Blanco dins de lluites regionals més àmplies per la justícia hídrica, l'article emfatitza el potencial transformador de l'activisme en xarxa per resistir les indústries extractives i promoure una governança equitativa dels recursos.
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