It depends on you. Family beliefs of digital technologies as a regulator of children's screen use.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/der.2023.43.151-171Keywords:
Family digital perception, Digital parenting, Children's digital habitsAbstract
Family attitudes and beliefs around digital technologies are a key factor in young children's digital habits in the home. This study involved conducting interviews with 46 families of children under 6 years of age to understand how parental perceptions determine the screen use of young children in terms of activities, content, and time. The aim is to provide knowledge for an in-depth reflection on media management in the home.
A descriptive, quantitative study was designed, based on a questionnaire survey model to interview families. The results show few differences between the most positive and the most negative family perceptions of children's use of ICTs. The complexity of the analysis of parental digital education strategies and support systems is evident. The perceptions of families are based upon a balance that avoids extremes, are shrouded in contradictions, and are regulated according to the needs of the context. This leads to the need to consider, globally, the different factors that influence children's digital habits.
References
Amante, L. (2016). Childhood, digital culture and parental mediation. In: I. Pereira, A. Ramos & J. Marsh (2016). The digital literacy and multimodal practices of young children: Engaging with emergent research. (pp. 205-212). Centro de Investigação em Educação (CIEd). Universidade do Minho.
Anderson, D. & Hanson, K. (2017). Screen media and parent–child interactions. In R. Barr & D. Linebarger (Ed.), Media exposure during infancy and early childhood. The effects of content and context on learning and Development (pp. 173-194). Springer Nature.
Bar Lev, Y., Elias, N., & Levy, S. (2018). Development of infants’ media habits in the age of digital parenting. a longitudinal study of Jonathan, from the age of 6 to 27 months. In G. Mascheroni, C. Ponte, A. Jorge (Eds.), Digital parenting. The challenges for families in the digital age (pp. 103-112). Nordicom.
Brito, R. & Dias, P. (2016). La tecnología digital, aprendizaje y educación; prácticas y percepciones de niños menores de 8 años y sus padres. ENSAYOS, Revista de la Facultad de Educación de Albacete, 31(2). http://www.revista.uclm.es/index.php/ensayos
Brito, R., Francisco, R., Dias, P. & Chaudron, S. (2017). Family dynamics in digital homes: The role played by parental mediation in young children’s. Digital Practices Around 14 European Countries. Contemporary Family Therapy, 39, 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-017-9431-0
Cea D’Ancona, Mª Á. (2004) Métodos de encuesta. Teoría y práctica, errores y mejora. Síntesis.
Cingel, D. & Krcmar, M. (2013). Predicting media use in very young children: The role of demographics and parent attitude. Communication Studies, 64, 374–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2013.770408
Codina, Ll. (2018). Revisiones bibliográficas sistematizadas: Procedimientos generales y Framework para ciencias humanas y sociales. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. https://repositori.upf.edu/bitstream/handle/10230/34497/Codina_revisiones.pdf
Connell, S., Lauricella, A., & Wartella, E. (2015). Parental co-use of media technology with their young children in the USA. Journal of Children and Media, 9(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2015.997440
Crescenzi-Lanna, L. (2020). Emotions, private speech, involvement and other aspects of young children's interactions with educational apps. Computers in Human Behavior, 111, 106430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106430
Chaudron, S., Plowman, L., Beutel, M., Černikova, M., Donoso Navarette, V., Dreier, M. & Wölfling, K. (2015). Young children (0-8) and digital technology. A qualitative exploratory study across seven countries. Publications Office of the European Union.
European Commission (2013). Ethics for researchers: Facilitating research excellence in FP7. European Union. https://doi.org/10.2777/7491
Fitzpatrick, C., Almeida, M. L., Harvey, E. Garon‑Carrier, G., Berrigan, F. & Asbridge, M. (2022). An examination of bedtime media and excessive screen time by Canadian preschoolers during the COVID‑19 pandemic. BMC Pediatrics, 22(212). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03280-8
Flewitt, R., Kucirkova, R. & Messer, D. (2014). Touching the virtual, touching the real: iPads and enabling literacy for students experiencing disability. Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, 37(2), 107–116.
Grané, M. (2021). Mediación digital parental. ¿Es necesaria una educación digital en la primera infancia?. Edutec. Revista Electrónica de Tecnología Educativa, (76), 7-21.
https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2021.76.2037
Grant, M. & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 26, 91–108.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.
Gruchel, N., Kurock, R., Bonanati, S. & Buhl, H.M. (2022). Parental involvement and children’s internet uses - relationship with parental role construction, self-efficacy, internet skills, and parental instruction. Computers & Education, 182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104481
Guernsey, L. (2017). Who’s by their side? Questions of context deepen the research on children and media: commentary on chapter 1. In R. Barr & D. Linebarger (Ed.), Media exposure during infancy and early childhood. The effects of content and context on learning and development (pp. 25-32). Springer Nature.
Haddon, L. & Holloway, D. (2018). Parental evaluations of young children’s touchscreen technologies. En G. Mascheroni, C. Ponte, A. Jorge (Eds.), Digital parenting. The challenges for families in the digital age. (p. 113-123). Nordicom.
Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2010). Fundamentos de metodología de la investigación (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill Interamericana.
Heller, N.A. (2021). Infant media use: A harm reduction approach. Infant Behavior and Development, 64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101610
Horgan, E.S. & Kirkorian, H.L. (2020). Capacity model and children's comprehension and transfer of educational media. In The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology, J. Bulck (Ed.). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119011071.iemp0237
Jiménez-Morales, M., Montaña, M., Medina-Bravo, P. (2020). Uso infantil de dispositivos móviles: influencia del nivel socioeducativo materno. Comunicar, 64, 21-28. https://doi.org/10.3916/C64-2020-02
Kirkorian, H, Wartella, E. & Anderson, D. (2008). Media and young children`s learning. The Future of Children Journal, 18(1), 39-61.
Kirkorian, H.L. & Pempek, T.A. (2013). Toddlers and touch screens: Potential for early learning?. Zero to Three, 33(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0413-x
Kumpulainen, K., Sairanen, H. & Nordström, A. (2020). Young children’s digital literacy practices in the sociocultural contexts of their homes. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 20(3), 472–499. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468798420925116
Konok, V., Bunford,N. & Miklósi, A. (2020). Associations between child mobile use and digital parenting style in hungarian families, Journal of Children and Media, 14(1), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2019.1684332
Lauricella, A. R., & Cingel, D.P. (2020). Parental influence on youth media use. Journal of Child and Family Studies 29,1927–1937. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01724-2
Lauricella, A.R., Blackwell, C.K., Wartella, E. (2017). The “New” Technology Environment: The Role of Content and Context on Learning and Development from Mobile Media. In Barr, R. & Linebarger, D.N. Media Exposure During Infancy and Early Childhood. The Effects of Content and Context on Learning and Development, p. 1-24. Switzerland. Springer Nature.
Lauricella, A., Wartella, E., & Rideout, V. (2015). Young children’s screen time: The complex role of parent and child factors. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 36, 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.12.001
Lee, H.E., Kim, J.Y., & Kim, C. (2022). The influence of parent media use, parent attitude on media, and parenting style on children’s media use. Children, 9(37). https://doi.org/10.3390/children9010037
Levine, L., Waite, B., Bowman, L., & Kachinsky, K. (2019). Mobile media use by infants and toddlers. Computers in Human Behavior, 94, 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.045
Livingstone, S. & Blum-Ross, A. (2020). Parenting for a digital future: How hopes and fears about technology shape children’s lives. Oxford University Press.
Mateo, J. (2014). La investigación ex post-facto. In A. Bisquerra (Coord.). Metodología de la Investigación Educativa (4th Ed.), (pp. 195-230). La Muralla.
Milford, S.C., Vernon, L., Scott, J.J., Johnson, N. F. (2022). An Initial Investigation into Parental Perceptions Surrounding the Impact of Mobile Media Use on Child Behavior and Executive Functioning. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, (22), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1691382
Nikken, P. (2022). The touch-screen generation: Trends in Dutch parents’ perceptions of young children’s media use from 2012–2018. Communications, European Journal of Communication Research. https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2020-0028
Nikken, P. (2017). Implications of low or high media use among parents for young children’s media use. Cyberpsychology, 11(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.5817/CP2017-3-1
Torrado, M. (2014). Estudios de encuesta. In A. Bisquerra (Coord.). Metodología de la investigación educativa (4th Ed.), (pp. 230-257). La Muralla.
Papadakis, S., Zaranis, N. & Kalogiannakis, M. (2019). Parental involvement and attitudes towards young greek children’s mobile usage. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2019.100144.
Pila, S., Lauricella, A. R., Piper, A. M., & Wartella, E. (2021). The power of parent attitudes: Examination of parent attitudes toward traditional and emerging technology. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.279
Piotrowski, J.T. (2017). The parental mediation context of young children’s media use. In R. Barr & D. Linebarger (Ed.). Media exposure during infancy and early childhood. The effects of content and context on learning and development (pp. 205-219). Springer Nature.
Pons-Salvador, G., Zubieta-Méndez, X., & Frias-Navarro, D. (2022). Parents’ digital competence in guiding and supervising young children’s use of the Internet. European Journal of Communication, 37(4), 443–459. https://doi.org/10.1177/02673231211072669
Rideout, V., & Robb, M. B. (2020). The CommonSense census: Media use by kids age zero to eight, 2020. Common Sense Media.
Sandberg, H., Sjöberg, U., & Sundin, E. (2021). Toddlers’ digital media practices and everyday parental struggles: Interactions and meaning-making as digital media are domesticated. Nordicom Review, 42(S4), 59–78. https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2021-004106
Segurola, M. & Cuevas, J. (2020). Estat i evolució de la segregació escolar a Catalunya. Informe sobre l’estat i l’evolució de la segregació escolar a Catalunya. Fundación Bofill. https://fundaciobofill.cat/publicacions/informe-estat-i-evolucio-de-la-segregacio-escolar-catalunya
Universitat de Barcelona (2020). Codi d'integritat en la Recerca de la Universitat de Barcelona. Vicerectorat de Recerca. http://hdl.handle.net/2445/166917
Velicu, A., Chaudron, S., Dias, P., Brito, R. & Lobe, B. (2019). Parental concerns regarding young children and digital technology: an exploratory qualitative investigation in three European countries. Revista româna de sociologie, 30(4).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Digital Education Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication.
- The texts published in Digital Education Review, DER, are under a license Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4,0 Spain, of Creative Commons. All the conditions of use in: Creative Commons,
- In order to mention the works, you must give credit to the authors and to this Journal.
- Digital Education Review, DER, does not accept any responsibility for the points of view and statements made by the authors in their work.