Socio-Environmental Governance in the Selva Maya: Evaluating the Feasibility of an Integrated Conservation Strategy for 2030

Abstract

This article analyzes the feasibility of the Comprehensive Selva Maya Strategy (EISM) for 2030, aimed at conserving the "Selva Maya" biological corridor, a transboundary ecosystem shared by Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala. Recognized as one of the world’s most important biodiversity hotspots, the Selva Maya faces critical challenges, including deforestation, habitat fragmentation, climate change, and socio-economic pressures. Effective governance is identified as a key determinant of the success of the EISM, particularly given the institutional disparities among the three countries. Belize demonstrates advanced multilevel governance supported by a strong institutional framework prioritizing conservation. Conversely, Mexico and Guatemala encounter significant limitations in their conservation management mechanisms, reflecting a lack of coordination and capacity. These institutional differences pose substantial obstacles to the implementation of integrated policies under the EISM for 2030.

The methodology combines a multidisciplinary analysis of governance structures and conservation strategies, highlighting the role of collaborative governance in addressing cross-border challenges. Key findings emphasize the need for enhanced coordination, community participation, and strengthened legal frameworks to align conservation efforts across the region.

The study concludes that the sustainability of the Selva Maya depends on overcoming institutional heterogeneity and fostering a comprehensive, collaborative approach. Ensuring the success of the EISM requires the integration of ecological, socio-economic, and governance perspectives, in line with the objectives of the 2030 Agenda. The findings contribute to broader discussions on transboundary environmental governance and its application in other global biodiversity hotspots.