Preliminary validation of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) in aspiring firefighters: an exploratory factor analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1344/reire.42270Keywords:
CERQ, firefighter, emotional regulation, exploratory factorial analysisAbstract
Background. There are few studies on emotional regulation in members of safety and emergency services. However, those that are to be found in the scientific literature indicate the benefits and risks that the use of certain strategies exerts on emotional regulation. Here, a preliminary study for the validation and adaptation of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire is presented.
Methods. The study sample comprised 239 aspiring firefighters (92.89 % male and 7.11 % female), aged 23-43 years.
Results. The results revealed a structure of nine factors and two suprafactors, which reduced the number of items to 32. The new model explains 63 % of the variability of the data. The scale used has good internal consistency despite the changes in dimensionality. As for the reliability of the factors, analysis indicates temporal stability, and also temporal stability between the two suprafactors, showing high correlations between administrations.
Conclusions. The results obtained are similar to those recorded for the original version and for the validation in Spanish, maintaining the original factor structure. One difference observed is the behaviour of the suprafactors in aspiring firefighters, suggesting that in order to pass the basic training course, candidates need to combine both strategies (adaptive and less adaptive).
References
Abdi, S., Taban, S., & Ghaemian, A. (2012). Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire: Validity and reliability of Persian translation of CERQ-36 item. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 32(2011), 2-7. https://doi.org/gn4cxw
Capdevila Ortís, L., Niñerola i Maymì, J., & Pintanel i Bassets, M. (2004). Motivación y actividad física: el autoinforme de motivos para la práctica del ejercicio físico (AMPEF). Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 13(1), 55-74. https://ddd.uab.cat/record/63070
Domínguez-Sánchez, F. J., Lasa-Aristu, A., Amor, P. J., & Holgado-Tello, F. P. (2013). Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Assessment, 20(2), 253-261. https://doi.org/drchs6
Dominguez Lara, S. A., & Medrano, L. A. (2016a). Propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de estudiantes universitarios de Lima. Psychologia: Avances de la Disciplina, 10(1), 53–67. https://doi.org/kb49
Dominguez Lara, S. A., & Medrano, L. A. (2016b). Invarianza factorial del Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionarie (CERQ) en universitarios limeños y cordobeses. Universitas Psychologica, 15(1), 89-98. https://doi.org/gnttqs
Evans, T. R. (2019). Emotions in the Fire Service: Decision-Making, Risk, and Coping. En T. R. Evans & D. G. Steptoe-Warren (Eds.), Applying Occupational Psychology to the Fire Service (pp. 13-57). Palgrave MacMillan, Cham. https://doi.org/kb5b
Fernández Cruz, M., Álvarez Rodríguez, J., Ávalos Ruiz, I., Cuevas López, M., de Barros Camargo, C., Díaz Rosas, F., González Castellón, E., González González, D., Hernández Fernández, A., Ibáñez Cubillas, P., & Lizarte Simón, E. J. (2020). Evaluation of the Emotional and Cognitive Regulation of Young People in a Lockdown Situation Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/gm4rft
Ferrando, P. J., Lorenzo-Seva, U., Hernández-Dorado, A., & Muñiz, J. (2022). Decalogue for the Factor Analysis of Test Items. Psicothema, 34(1), 7-17. https://doi.org/jjq8
Ferreira, F. C. A. (2013). La regulación emocional de síntomas psicopatológicos de los bomberos [The Emotional Regulation of Psychopathological Symptoms of Firefighters] [Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Extremadura]. https://tinyurl.com/4cf8m8jp
Frías-Navarro, D. (2022). Apuntes de estimación de la fiabilidad de consistencia interna de los ítems de un instrumento de medida (pp. 1-26). Universidad de Valencia. https://tinyurl.com/ckeshw5z
Fujisato, H., Ito, M., Takebayashi, Y., Hosogoshi, H., Kato, N., Nakajima, S., Miyamae, M., Oe, Y., Usami, S., Kanie, A., Horikoshi, M., & Berking, M. (2017). Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire. Journal of Affective Disorders, 208, 145-152. https://doi.org/gffj9m
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(8), 1311–1327. https://doi.org/fdk7wc
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2002). Manual for the use of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. DATEC.
Garnefski, N., van Rood, Y., de Roos, C., & Kraaij, V. (2017). Relationships Between Traumatic Life Events, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, and Somatic Complaints. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 24(2), 144-151. https://doi.org/gbkm3z
Hom, M. A., Stanley, I. H., Rogers, M. L., Tzoneva, M., Bernert, R. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2016). The Association between Sleep Disturbances and Depression among Firefighters: Emotion Dysregulation as an Explanatory Factor. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(02), 235-245. https://doi.org/f8h5mf
Huang, Q., Zhang, Q., An, Y., & Xu, W. (2019). The relationship between dispositional mindfulness and PTSD/PTG among firefighters: The mediating role of emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 151(122), 109492. https://doi.org/gn4ct4
Jermann, F., Van Der Linden, M., D’Acremont, M., & Zermatten, A. (2006). Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ): Confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the French translation. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 126-131. https://doi.org/dpnscw
Khadem, H., Motevalli Haghi, S. A., Ranjbari, T., & Mohammadi, A. (2017). The Moderating Role of Resilience in the Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Among Firefighters. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 5(2), 133-140. https://doi.org/kb79
Kim, S.-J., & Yook, S.-P. (2018). The Influence of Posttraumatic Stress on Suicidal Ideation in Firefighters : Cognitive Emotion Regulation as a Moderator. Fire Science and Engineering, 32(2), 92-101. https://doi.org/kb8b
Lee, J.-S. (2019). Perceived social support functions as a resilience in buffering the impact of trauma exposure on PTSD symptoms via intrusive rumination and entrapment in firefighters. PLoS ONE, 14(8), e0220454. https://doi.org/gpdq93
Li, C.-H., & Wu, J.-J. (2020). Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in Taiwanese College Students. Assessment, 27(6), 1300-1309. https://doi.org/gdhskc
Mashhadi, A., Ghadiry, F., & Asghari Kaklar, F. (2018). The role of mindfulness and emotion regulation in prediction of post-traumatic stress Disorder in firefighters. International Conference on Mindfulness (ICM) 2018 Science from Within – Amsterdam, July 10-13, 2018. https://tinyurl.com/2p84zpf5
Navarro-Loli, J. S., Dominguez-Lara, S., & Medrano, L. (2020). Estructura Interna del Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-18) en una Muestra de Adolescentes Peruanos. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación – e Avaliação Psicológica, 54(1), 165-178. https://doi.org/kb8c
Paltell, K. C., Bing-Canar, H., Ranney, R. M., Tran, J. K., Berenz, E. C., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2019). Anxiety Sensitivity Moderates the Effect of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms on Emotion Dysregulation among Trauma-Exposed Firefighters. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 41(3), 524-535. https://doi.org/gpccr3
Park, S.-K., Ko, G.-B., & Yook, S.-P. (2022). The Effects of Job stress on Suicidal Thoughts among Firefighters: Alcohol Use and Cognitive Emotion Regulation as a Moderator. Fire Science and Engineering, 36(1), 90-97. https://doi.org/kb8d
Potthoff, S., Garnefski, N., Miklósi, M., Ubbiali, A., Domínguez-Sánchez, F. J., Martins, E. C., Witthöft, M., & Kraaij, V. (2016). Cognitive emotion regulation and psychopathology across cultures: A comparison between six European countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 218-224. https://doi.org/f83nnk
Reche Camba, E. (2019). Evaluación de la regulación emocional cognitiva en fibromialgia mediante el instrumento Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) [Tesis doctoral, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]. https://tinyurl.com/2p84zpf5
Ros Martinez de la Hidalga, I. (2008). Moodle, la plataforma para la enseñanza y organización escolar Iker. Ikastorratza, e- Revista de Didáctica, 2, 3-12. https://tinyurl.com/9c44wxm8
Smith, B. W., Ortiz, J. A., Steffen, L. E., Tooley, E. M., Wiggins, K. T., Yeater, E. A., Montoya, J. D., & Bernard, M. L. (2011). Mindfulness is associated with fewer PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, physical symptoms, and alcohol problems in urban firefighters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(5), 613-617. https://doi.org/bhnb79
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Mireia Cano-Gallent, Jordi Niñerola-i-Maymí, Anna Roca-Martínez, Anna Figueras-Masip
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors keep authorship rights and confer to REIRE the rights of article’s first publication.
All the contents included into REIRE Revista d’innovació i Recerca en Educació are under Creative Commons 4.0 International license attribution, which allows the article’s reproduction, distribution and public communication, whenever authorship and the journal’s title is quoted.
